Release and Quantitation of a Leucocyte Derived Protein (L1)

Fagerhol, M K; Dale, Inge; Anderson, Terje

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1980.tb02754.x

Cited by 133 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Because calgranulins are abundant within neutrophils, the concentration of calprotectin within the cytosol of a neutrophil can exceed 1 mg/ml (44), and these proteins are released during inflammation. Calgranulins have been identified as potential biomarkers for a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel disorder (IBD), colitis, and chronic diarrhea (29,45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test this, growth and viability of H. pylori were assessed by culturing bacteria in increasing physiologically relevant concentrations of purified S100A12 protein in the presence or absence of an exogenous source of nutrient zinc. Calgranulins are present within neutrophils at concentrations in the microgram-per-microliter range and can exceed 1 mg/ml (22,44). Growth was analyzed by spectrophotometric reading at OD 600 , and viability was analyzed by serial dilution of overnight cultures and plating onto bacteriological media for colony counting to evaluate CFU per ml of culture.…”

Section: S100a12 Is Elevated In Gastric Biopsy Specimens From H Pylomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Human Antimicrobial Protein Calgranulin C Participates in Control of Helicobacter pylori Growth and Regulation of Virulence

et al. 2015

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f During infectious processes, antimicrobial proteins are produced by both epithelial cells and innate immune cells. Some of these antimicrobial molecules function by targeting transition metals and sequestering these metals in a process referred to as "nutritional immunity." This chelation strategy ultimately starves invading pathogens, limiting their growth within the vertebrate host. Recent evidence suggests that these metal-binding antimicrobial molecules have the capacity to affect bacterial virulence, including toxin secretion systems. Our previous work showed that the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer (calprotectin, or calgranulin A/B) binds zinc and represses the elaboration of the H. pylori cag type IV secretion system (T4SS). However, there are several other S100 proteins that are produced in response to infection. We hypothesized that the zinc-binding protein S100A12 (calgranulin C) is induced in response to H. pylori infection and also plays a role in controlling H. pylori growth and virulence. To test this, we analyzed gastric biopsy specimens from H. pylori-positive and -negative patients for S100A12 expression. These assays showed that S100A12 is induced in response to H. pylori infection and inhibits bacterial growth and viability in vitro by binding nutrient zinc. Furthermore, the data establish that the zinc-binding activity of the S100A12 protein represses the activity of the cag T4SS, as evidenced by the gastric cell "hummingbird" phenotype, interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion, and CagA translocation assays. In addition, high-resolution field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) was used to demonstrate that S100A12 represses biogenesis of the cag T4SS. Together with our previous work, these data reveal that multiple S100 proteins can repress the elaboration of an oncogenic bacterial surface organelle. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative member of the Epsilonproteobacteria commonly found in the human stomach (1). More than 50% of the world's population is chronically infected with H. pylori, despite a robust immune response to this bacterium (2, 3). The vast majority of infected persons exhibit no symptoms of disease; however, the presence of this pathogen can increase the risk of negative outcomes, including duodenal ulcer, dysplasia, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and invasive gastric cancer (4). Negative outcomes of H. pylori infection are associated with multiple factors, including host genetics, environmental contributions such as diet and smoking, and bacterial virulence properties.One major virulence factor that contributes to H. pylori-associated disease outcomes is the cag pathogenicity island-encoded type IV secretion system (cag T4SS) (5). The cag T4SS is a macromolecular nanomachine responsible for translocating substrates, including peptidoglycan and the oncogenic effector molecule CagA, into host epithelial cells (6). The translocation activity of the cag T4SS leads to multiple consequences in host cell biology, including cytoskeletal rearrangements, indu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S100a12 Is Elevated In Gastric Biopsy Specimens From H Pylomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Antimicrobial Protein Calgranulin C Participates in Control of Helicobacter pylori Growth and Regulation of Virulence

et al. 2015

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“…Dette er trolig forklaringen på at konsentrasjonen av kalprotektin i normalt tarminnhold er mange ganger høyere enn i blod. Kalprotektin ble først beskrevet av Magne Fagerhol og medarbeidere i 1980 (2). Det er omtrent 20 pg kalprotektin i hver granulocytt, og dette utgjør ca.…”

Section: Kalprotektin I Fecesunclassified

Måling av kalprotektin i feces

Jahnsen¹,

Røseth²,

Aadland³

2009

Tidsskriftet

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Arne G. Røseth Medisinsk avdeling Lovisenberg diakonale sykehus Oslo Erling AadlandAvdeling for fordøyelsessykdommer Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker SammendragBakgrunn. Kalprotektin er et kalsiumbindende protein som finnes i nøytrofile granulocytter. Ved skade på tarmslimhinnen på grunn av inflammasjon vil granulocyttene vandre ut i tarmlumen, og forhøyede verdier av kalprotektin kan måles i avføringen.Materiale og metode. Oversikten er basert på artikler funnet ved ikke-systematiske søk i Medline og mer enn ti års klinisk erfaring med måling av kalprotektin i feces.Resultater. Kalprotektin er først og fremst en meget god markør for inflammasjon. Måling av kalprotektin i feces er derfor en nyttig undersøkelse i utredningen av mageplager der det ut ifra symptomer og klinisk undersø-kelse er vanskelig å avgjøre om det dreier seg om en funksjonell eller organisk tilstand. På diagnosetidspunket vil alle pasienter med inflammatorisk tarmsykdom ha klart forhøyede verdier av kalprotektin i feces. Ved irritabel tarm-syndrom er verdiene normale. Normalisering av kalprotektinnivået i feces ved inflammatorisk tarmsykdom synes å vaere en sterk indikator på tilheling av tarmslimhinnen.Fortolkning. Bestemmelse av kalprotektin i feces kan bidra til at pasienter ikke utsettes for unødvendige koloskopier. Dette er saerlig viktig hos barn. Kalprotektinmåling i feces er en enkel og objektiv test til å vurdere behandlingsrespons og sykdomsforløp hos pasienter med inflammatorisk tarmsykdom.Kalprotektin er et lite protein som kan på-vises i ulike kroppsvaesker og vev ved hjelp av ELISA-metodikk og immunhistokjemi. I hovedsak kommer dette proteinet fra nøy-trofile granulocytter. Bestemmelse av kalprotektin i feces ble forsøkt markedsført i 1990-årene som en test for kolorektal kreft. Dette medførte imidlertid at denne testen kom i miskreditt, pga. for lav spesifisitet.Internasjonalt har det de siste årene vaert stor oppmerksomhet rundt kalprotektin, og bare det siste året er det publisert mer enn 50 arbeider der kalprotektin er undersøkt i feces eller i andre kroppsvaesker og vev.I det følgende omtales måling av kalprotektin i feces ved diagnostikk og oppfølging av pasienter med inflammatorisk tarmsykdom og irritabel tarm-syndrom. Materiale og metodeDenne oversiktsartikkelen er basert på ikkesystematisk litteratursøk i Medline samt egne kliniske erfaringer med kalprotektinmåling i feces i mer enn ti år. Kalprotektin i fecesEtter at granulocyttene forlater beinmargen sirkulerer de fritt noen timer i blodbanen. Dernest tilbringer de noen dager i ulike perifere vev, før de fleste ender sitt liv i gastrointestinalkanalen (1). Her frigjør granulocyttene en rekke antimikrobielle substanser, blant annet kalprotektin. Det antas at kalprotektin har en viktig biologisk funksjon i regulering av tarmfloraen.Tarmslimhinnen eksponeres kontinuerlig for enorme mengder mikroorganismer og deres toksiske produkter, blant annet kjemotaktiske substanser som endotoksiner. Dette er trolig forklaringen på at konsentrasjonen av kalprotektin i normalt tarminnho...

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“…11,12 Calprotectin is a calcium-binding protein released from neutrophils during intestinal inflammation that can be easily measured in feces. 13,14 In specialist care, evidence shows it to be a useful, simple, noninvasive test that can rule out IBD in children with gastrointestinal symptoms. [15][16][17] The diagnostic accuracy of fecal calprotectin (FCal) has not been assessed in children evaluated in primary care, however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Primary Care: A Prospective Cohort Study

Holtman

Leeuwen

Kollen

et al. 2016

The Annals of Family Medicine

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PURPOSE In specialist care, fecal calprotectin (FCal) is a commonly used noninvasive diagnostic test for ruling out inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FCal for IBD in symptomatic children in primary care. METHODSWe studied 2 prospective cohorts of children with chronic diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain, or both: children initially seen in primary care (primary care cohort) and children referred to specialist care (referred cohort). FCal (index test) was measured at baseline and compared with 1 of the 2 reference standards for IBD: endoscopic assessment or 1-year follow-up. Physicians were blinded to FCal results, and values greater than 50 μg/g feces were considered positive. We determined specificity in the primary care cohort and sensitivity in the referred cohort. RESULTSNone of the 114 children in the primary care cohort ultimately received a diagnosis of IBD. The specificity of FCal in the primary care cohort was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.92). Among the 90 children in the referred cohort, 17 (19%) ultimately received a diagnosis of IBD. The sensitivity of FCal in the referred cohort was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.81-1.00).CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that a positive FCal result in children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms seen in primary care is not likely to be indicative of IBD. A negative FCal result is likely to be a true negative, which safely rules out IBD in children in whom a primary care physician considers referral to specialist care. 2016;14:437-445. doi: 10.1370/afm.1949. Ann Fam Med INTRODUCTIONP rimary care physicians frequently manage recurrent abdominal pain or diarrhea in children. These symptoms account for approximately 2% to 5% of all childhood consultations.1-3 Although they are typically functional in origin, it is essential that organic disease be ruled out. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), that is, Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is an organic disease that primary care physicians should not miss. Delay in diagnosing IBD, and the resultant delay in receipt of appropriate treatment, may prolong suffering and can lead to complications such as anemia, irreversible growth failure, and delayed sexual maturation. 4,5 According to guidelines, primary care physicians should refer children with chronic diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain, or both for specialist care if red flags are present. 6,7 The red flags are nonspecific and discriminate poorly between functional and organic gastrointestinal diseases, [8][9][10] often leading to referral and extensive diagnostic testing. For children with functional disorders, referral or extensive testing may delay appropriate interventions and further decrease well-being. 11,12 Calprotectin is a calcium-binding protein released from neutrophils during intestinal inflammation that can be easily measured in feces. 13,14 In specialist care, evidence shows it to be a useful, simple, noninvasive test 438that can rule out ...

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Release and Quantitation of a Leucocyte Derived Protein (L1)

Cited by 133 publications

References 5 publications

The Human Antimicrobial Protein Calgranulin C Participates in Control of Helicobacter pylori Growth and Regulation of Virulence

The Human Antimicrobial Protein Calgranulin C Participates in Control of Helicobacter pylori Growth and Regulation of Virulence

Måling av kalprotektin i feces

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Primary Care: A Prospective Cohort Study

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