Release and degradation of microcystin following algicide treatment of a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom in a recreational lake, as determined by HPLC and protein phosphatase inhibition assay

An integrated method for removal of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes

“…This algal control method focuses on inactivating the photosynthetic apparatus but not destroying the whole cell, which is not consistent with some previous reports that only electron transport is inhibited by H 2 O 2 (Samuilov et al, 2001). As a consequence, the intracellular cyanotoxins should not be released to the environment where they can threaten humans and wildlife (Jones and Orr, 1994;Dittmann et al, 1997). In this case, the photosynthetic activities of all kinds of algae expressed with Fv/Fm decreased to 0 in few hours.…”

Responses and toxin bioaccumulation in duckweed (Lemna minor) under microcystin-LR, linear alkybenzene sulfonate and their joint stress

“…On the other hand, high concentration of MCs in the environment can occur when massive numbers of toxic cyanobacterial cells collapse and decay. Jones and Orr [45] measured 1.3-1.8 g/ml MC following algicide treatment of a M. aeruginosa bloom in a recreational lake. Accumulation of cyanobacterial cells in surface scum may raise MCs concentrations to very high levels.…”

Oxidative stress responses and toxin accumulation in the freshwater snail Radix swinhoei (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) exposed to microcystin-LR

“…Although MC concentration as high as 2 mg/L is uncommon in natural water, high MC concentrations can still be detected. For instance, Jones and Orr (1994) measured approximately 2 mg/L MC after M. aeruginosa bloom in a recreational lake that is treated with algicide. Cyanobacterial cells may accumulate on surface scum and may increase MC concentrations to very high levels.…”

“…However, high concentration (several milligrams per liter) of MCs in the water can occur when massive numbers of toxic cyanobacterial cells collapse and decay. For example, approximately 1.3 to 1.8 μg/mL of dissolved MCs in water have been detected in a recreational lake after massive numbers of toxic cyanobacterial cell collapse and decay when algicide is applied to treat algal bloom (Jones and Orr 1994).…”