Relaxor behavior and tunable property of lead-free Li+-doped Ba0.9Ca0.1Zr0.2Ti0.8O3 ceramics

Studies on structural, dielectric and optical properties of (Ba0.95Ca0.05)1−x(Ti0.8Sn0.2)1−xNaxNbxO3 lead-free ceramics

“… 35 Furthermore, the creation of the Coulomb interactions at long-distance prevents the formation of ferroelectric microdomains in favor of the formation of the polar nanoregions PNRs. 36 Under these conditions, the order becomes a short distance and each nano-domain freeze at a given temperature. This phenomenon only demonstrates the nature of the transition, whereas the dielectric relaxation observed for temperatures lower than T m remains unjustified.…”

“…With the recent growing demand for global environmental protection and sustainable development, researchers' interests have turned to lead-free materials such as ferroelectrics with the ABO 3 perovskite structure. [1][2][3] Due to their multifunctional properties, [4][5][6] good thermal resistance as well as chemical stability, nature-friendly ferroelectrics may be good candidates for industrial applications. These materials have similar or better physicochemical properties than toxic ferroelectrics.…”

Review—Modulation of Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead-Free BCZT Ceramics by Doping

“…However, the small concentration of Mg 2+ ions provides excellent temperature stability providing a significant reference for high energy storage density capacitors with remarkable temperature stability over a wide range i.e., −50 °C to 140 °C. Li et al, (2020) 56 observed that Tm 3+ ions in the BCZT ceramics promote the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases. It is due to the reason that Tm 3+ ions may substitute for Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ ions when under 0.5 mole % and may substitute for Ba 2+ or Ca 2+ ions when above 0.5 mole% concentration.…”

“…62 Nevertheless, in Tm-doped BCZT, Pr decreased with the doping. 56 This doping is mainly attributed to the small grain size that prevents the easy rotation of central ion. Besides, the Tm 3+ ion acts as an acceptor thus 52 motion of the ferroelectric domain wall and hence reduce the remnant polarization.…”

“…Similarly, in V, Zn, Co, and Tm doping on BCZT, the improved dielectric constant and improved thermal stability are mainly due to the coexistence of MPB or PPT at room temperature, large grain size, and shifting of T O-T towards room temperature. 53,76,56 It has been also observed that piezoelectric properties vary significantly with the sintering temperature. With temperature, the piezoelectric properties have two distinct features: one, the distortion of crystallite lattice, and second, the domain wall motion.…”