Relaxation process of the 4I13/2 level of Er3+ in a borosilicate glass

The effect of surroundings on the nonradiative relaxation coefficient of Yb3+ and Er3+ ions

“…According to energy-level radiation theory, the transition probability A is a function of the shielding shell thickness (d) and it can be described as follows: [26][27][28]…”

Er3+-doped fluorogallate glass for mid-infrared applications

“…The temperature of glass transition T g and temperature of onset crystallization peak T x are determined using a NETZSCH STA 409PC/PG differential scanning calorimeter at a heating rate of 10 K∕ min . A higher T g endows glass with good thermal stability at high pumping intensities [31] . The difference between T g and T x , ΔT ¼ T x − T g , is frequently quoted as a rough indicator of thermal stability [20,21] .…”