Relaxation of Ruminal Smooth Muscle by Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)

Denac, M.; Marti, J.; Scharrer, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1987.tb00287.x

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It was concluded that they take part in the control of many gastrointestinal functions since they project to the muscle layers, project to the mucosa, or innervate other enteric neurones (Reiche and Schemann 1999;Michel et al 2000; Reiche et al 2000;Brookes 2001b). The finding that NOS/VIP-encoded myenteric neurones projected to the circular or the longitudinal muscle of the rumen is consistent with the results of functional studies demonstrating that both NO and VIP induced relaxation of the forestomach musculature (Denac et al 1987;Schneider and Eades 1998). Therefore, this population very likely reflected inhibitory muscle motor neurones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ruminal muscle of sheep is innervated by non-polarized pathways of cholinergic and nitrergic myenteric neurones

Pfannkuche

Schemann

Gäbel

2002

Cell and Tissue Research

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The motility patterns of the reticulorumen evoke mainly mixing of the ingesta. So far unknown, intrinsic neural circuits of the enteric nervous system are involved in the control of these motility patterns. The aim of the study was to characterize neurochemically sheep ruminal myenteric neurones, in particular the neural pathways innervating the ruminal muscle layers. Cell bodies within the myenteric plexus projecting to the longitudinal or circular muscle layer were retrogradely labelled by direct application of the fluorescent tracer 1,1'-didodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) onto the circular or longitudinal muscle. The neurochemical code of myenteric neurones was identified by their immunoreactivity for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). According to their neurochemical code, ruminal myenteric neurones were divided into three populations: ChAT/SP (68% of all myenteric neurones), NOS/VIP (26% of all myenteric neurones) and ChAT/- (5% of all myenteric neurones). Application of DiI onto the circular or longitudinal muscle revealed on average 64 or 44 labelled cell bodies in the myenteric plexus, respectively. DiI-labelled neurones expressed the code ChAT/SP or NOS/VIP. In the pathways to circular or longitudinal muscle, ChAT/SP-positive neurones outnumbered NOS/VIP-immunoreactive neurones by 5:1 and 2:1. Pathways to the circular or longitudinal muscle did not exhibit any pronounced polarized innervation patterns. This study demonstrated specific projections of myenteric neurones to the ruminal muscle. Neurones expressing the code ChAT/SP might function as excitatory muscle motor neurones, whereas NOS/VIP neurones are likely to act as inhibitory muscle motor neurones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ruminal muscle of sheep is innervated by non-polarized pathways of cholinergic and nitrergic myenteric neurones

Pfannkuche

Schemann

Gäbel

2002

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…The increasing number of NOS/VIP immunoreactive neurons in ruminating sheep suggests that the rumen of ruminating sheep is more nitrergic and VIPergic controlled than the rumen of pre‐ruminating animals. Generally, nitric oxide as well as VIP are known inhibitory neutrotransmitters acting on the ruminal smooth muscle layers (Denac et al. 1987; Schneider & Eades, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enteric neurons influence muscle activity by releasing excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, substance P (SP), nitric oxide and/or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (Vassileva et al. 1978; Denac et al. 1987; Schneider & Eades, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forestomach motility is strongly influenced extrinsically by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system as well as intrinsically by the ENS (Ruckebusch, 1989). Enteric neurons influence muscle activity by releasing excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, substance P (SP), nitric oxide and /or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (Vassileva et al 1978;Denac et al 1987;Schneider & Eades, 1998). Recently, it has been demonstrated that intrinsic myenteric neurons that innervate the smooth muscle layers of the rumen express a specific neurochemical code (Pfannkuche et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age‐associated plasticity in the intrinsic innervation of the ovine rumen

et al. 2003

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The rumen of adult sheep functions as a large fermentation chamber. In the newborn suckling ruminant, the rumen is bypassed and milk enters the abomasum directly. It was the aim of our study to investigate whether the transmitter content of intrinsic nerves changes with the developmental stage. The neurochemical code of myenteric neurons in the rumen from suckling lambs, fattened lambs and adult sheep was determined by using quadruple immunohistochemistry against choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Three neurochemically distinct subpopulations were identified within the rumen.They expressed the code ChAT/-, ChAT/SP and NOS/VIP. The number of ChAT/SP neurons did not change during development. It was 62% in the newborn lamb and remained stable in fattened lambs (63%) and adult sheep (63%). By contrast, the number of ChAT/-neurons decreased significantly from 20% in suckling lambs to 11% and 7% in fattened lambs and adult sheep, respectively. Simultaneously, the proportion of NOS/VIP neurons increased from 16% in suckling lambs to 29% in adult sheep. The increase in the proportion of NOS/VIP immunoreactive neurons indicates an adaptation to large volumes of ingesta at the beginning of roughage intake and rumination.We conclude that the age-associated changes in neurochemical code of myenteric neurons in the forestomach are related to the adaption of the rumen to different functional properties during development.

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“…Nerve fibres containing VIP are located throughout the muscular tissue of the ruminant forestomach, with a particularly high density in the region of the ROO (Wathuta 1986) and in the inner muscle layer of the omasal wall (Yamamoto et al 1994). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide causes a concentration-dependent reduction of acetylcholine-induced isotonic contraction of muscle strips (Denac et al 1987). Infusion of exogenous VIP produced cessation of EMG activity of the ROO in lambs (Reid et al…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and environmental temperature on forestomach electromyographic activity and gastrointestinal contraction in sheep

Li¹,

Okine²,

Christopherson³

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Four crossover design experiments were conducted with sheep to test the hypothesis that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) affects gastrointestinal motility with implications for digesta flow. Sheep were shorn and surgically prepared with electrodes implanted on the forestomach, cannulae in the rumen, duodenum or/and ilieum, and a left gastric artery catheter. VIP (1 or 1.5 nmol min -1 ) or saline (control) was infused for 10 min at half-hour or hour intervals for 4 or 7 d during treatment periods. VIP transiently inhibited electromyographic (EMG) activity of the reticulum, reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) and omasum for 3 to 8 min during the 10-min infusion periods. VIP infusion extended the duration of ROO opening (P < 0.01). The gastrointestinal lumen pressure pattern was also transiently influenced by VIP, with an increase of quiescent time. Cold exposure of sheep stimulated a relatively higher motility in the ROO and omasum. The results indicate that the inhibitory effect of VIP on the reticulum, ROO and omasum electrical activity is transient; however, its action to extend the duration of opening of the ROO may facilitate digesta passage. Quatre expériences en carré latin avec permutation ont été réalisées sur des moutons pour tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle le polypeptide intestinal vasoactif (PIV) influe sur la motricité gastrointestinale, ce qui, éventuellement, aurait des retentissements sur le transit des digestats. On a implanté par voie chirurgicale à des moutons préalablement rasés des électrodes dans le cardia, des canules dans le rumen, dans le duodénum, dans l'iléon ou dans les deux derniers et un cathéter dans l'artère gastrique gauche. Du PIV (1 ou 1,5 nmol min -1 ) ou un soluté salin (témoin) était infusé pendant 10 min toutes les demi-heures ou toutes les heures pendant 4 ou 7 j durant les périodes expérimentales. Le PIV inhibait temporairement l'activité électromyographique (EMG) du réseau, de l'orifice réticulo-omasal (ORO) et de l'omasum (feuillet) pendant 3 à 8 min durant les épisodes d'infusion de 10 min. Il prolongeait en outre (P < 0,01) la durée de l'ouverture du ORO. Le diagramme de la pression de la lumière gastrointestinale était également temporairement perturbé par le PIV, montrant un accroissement du temps de quiescence. L'exposition au froid des moutons provoquait un accroissement relatif de la motricité dans l'ORO et dans le feuillet. Il se dégage de ces observations que l'effet inhibiteur du PIV sur l'activité électromyographique du réseau, de l'ORO et du feuillet est éphémère. Le prolongement qu'il occasionne de la durée d'ouverture de l'ORO pourrait, toutefois, faciliter le transit gastrointestinal. Mots clés: Mouton, polypeptide intestinal vasoactif, orifie réseau feuilletStudies to date indicate that cold exposure reduces retention time of digesta in the forestomach and increases ruminal motility (Kennedy and Milligan 1978;Christopherson 1989;Cowan et al. 1993). However, cold exposure has little or no effect on intestinal rate of passage (Christopherson 1989). The me...

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Relaxation of Ruminal Smooth Muscle by Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Ruminal muscle of sheep is innervated by non-polarized pathways of cholinergic and nitrergic myenteric neurones

Ruminal muscle of sheep is innervated by non-polarized pathways of cholinergic and nitrergic myenteric neurones

Age‐associated plasticity in the intrinsic innervation of the ovine rumen

Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and environmental temperature on forestomach electromyographic activity and gastrointestinal contraction in sheep

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