Relaxation effects in the quantification of fat using gradient echo imaging

Bydder, Mark; Yokoo, Takeshi; Hamilton, Gavin; Middleton, Michael S.; Chavez, Alyssa; Schwimmer, Jeffrey B.; Lavine, Joel E.; Sirlin, Claude B.

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2007.08.012

Cited by 360 publications

(594 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The method has been extended and generalized to account for the multipeak fat signal (13), off resonance and T 2 * relaxation (14), eddy-current effects (15,16), relaxation bias (17)(18)(19), and noise (18). With consideration of these effects, high accuracy and precision of the technique has been demonstrated for liver applications (20,21).…”

Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accuracy and precision of the water or fat reference approaches with large or small flip angles have been tested using simulations and phantom experiments (17,18,22,26,27,30), but, to the best of our knowledge, no in vivo investigation of accuracy and precision of their use in muscular fat quantification has been presented.…”

Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Peterson

Romu

Brorson

et al. 2015

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal 1 Fat quantification in skeletal muscleFat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: comparison of fat and water references 2 Fat quantification in skeletal muscle AbstractPurpose: To compare the precision, accuracy, and repeatability of water/fat imaging-based fat quantification in muscle tissue using small or large flip angles (FAs), and a water or fat reference for calculation of the proton density fat fraction (FF). Materials and methods:An Intralipid phantom and both forearms of six patients suffering from lymphedema and ten healthy volunteers were investigated in a 1.5T scanner. Two multigradient-echo sequences with eight echo times and FAs of 10° and 85° were acquired, respectively. For healthy volunteers, the acquisition of the right arm was performed twice with repositioning. From each set, water reference FF and fat reference FF images were reconstructed and the average FF and the standard deviation were calculated within the subfascial compartment. The small FA water reference was considered the reference standard.Results: The use of a fat reference effectively avoided bias due to T 1 weighting when using a large FA. The large FA fat reference approach also resulted in the highest precision, but no significant difference in repeatability between the various methods was detected. Conclusion:The precision of fat quantification in muscle tissue can be increased with maintained accuracy using a larger flip angle, if a fat reference instead of a water reference is used.

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Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fat Quantification In Skeletal Muscle Using Multigradient-ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Peterson

Romu

Brorson

et al. 2015

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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“…We chose to a T1 independent, T2* corrected version of IDEAL for our analysis because it has already been validated for measuring hepatic lipid content (8,(12)(13)(14). Hence, IDEAL MRI should allow simultaneous quantification of adipose tissue volumes (subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue) as well as hepatic lipid content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of adipose tissue volume quantification with IDEAL fat–water separation

Alabousi

Al-Attar

Joy

et al. 2011

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To validate iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) for adipose tissue volume quantification. IDEAL allows MRI images to be produced only from adipose-containing tissues; hence, quantifying adipose tissue should be simpler and more accurate than with current methods. Materials and Methods:Ten healthy controls were imaged with 1.5 Tesla (T) Spin Echo (SE), 3.0T T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo (SPGR), and 3.0T IDEAL-SPGR. Images were acquired from the abdomen, pelvis, mid-thigh, and mid-calf. Mean subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were compared between the three acquisitions for each subject.Results: There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the three acquisitions for subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes. However, there was a significant difference (P ¼ 0.0002) for visceral adipose tissue volumes in the abdomen. Post hoc analysis showed significantly lower visceral adipose tissue volumes measured by IDEAL versus 1.5T (P < 0.0001) and 3.0T SPGR (P < 0.002). The lower volumes given by IDEAL are due to its ability to differentiate true visceral adipose tissue from other bright structures like blood vessels and bowel content that are mistaken for adipose tissue in non-fat suppressed images.Conclusion: IDEAL measurements of adipose tissue are equivalent to established 1.5T measurement techniques for subcutaneous depots and have improved accuracy for visceral depots, which are more metabolically relevant.

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“…If deposition disease is suspected in that volume according to predefined criteria, the technologist can be alerted and a multiecho or spectroscopic acquisition performed immediately; these techniques provide a more accurate quantitative assessment of the severity of disease than dual-echo imaging (2)(3)(4)6,7,9). This would allow for tailoring of an MRI examination to a patient's individual needs, reducing the need to perform spectroscopy or multiecho acquisitions routinely, as well as obviating the need for the patient to return for a second examination for quantification of previously unsuspected disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of MR-based techniques are available for detection and characterization of hepatic deposition disease, including dual-echo technique, multiecho acquisition, and breath-hold single voxel or volumetric spectroscopy (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Non-invasive techniques have several advantages over percutaneous liver biopsy (the reference standard for diagnosis of deposition disease), including a much larger sample volume, lower cost, and avoidance of the periprocedural complications associated with biopsy (3,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated liver sampling using a gradient dual‐echo Dixon‐based technique

Bashir

Dale

Merkle

et al. 2011

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the liver requires input from a physicist or physician at the time of acquisition to insure proper voxel selection, while in multiecho chemical shift imaging, numerous regions of interest must be manually selected in order to ensure analysis of a representative portion of the liver parenchyma. A fully automated technique could improve workflow by selecting representative portions of the liver prior to human analysis. Complete volumes from three-dimensional gradient dual-echo acquisitions with twopoint Dixon reconstruction acquired at 1.5 and 3 T were analyzed in 100 subjects, using an automated liver sampling algorithm, based on ratio pairs calculated from signal intensity image data as fat-only/water-only and log(in-phase/opposedphase) on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Using different gridding variations of the algorithm, the average correct liver volume samples ranged from 527 to 733 mL. The average percentage of sample located within the liver ranged from 95.4 to 97.1%, whereas the average incorrect volume selected was 16.5-35.4 mL (2.9-4.6%). Average run time was 19.7-79.0 s. The algorithm consistently selected large samples of the hepatic parenchyma with small amounts of erroneous extrahepatic sampling, and run times were feasible for execution on an MRI system console during exam acquisition.

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Relaxation effects in the quantification of fat using gradient echo imaging

Cited by 360 publications

References 19 publications

Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references

Evaluation of adipose tissue volume quantification with IDEAL fat–water separation

Automated liver sampling using a gradient dual‐echo Dixon‐based technique

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