Relativistic distorted-wave results for nickel-like gadolinium

Abstract

Electron collisional data are required for population kinetics modeling and spectral predictions of highly ionized ions in high-temperature plasmas. Nickel-like ions are especially interesting for their potentia1 use in soft-x-ray laser schemes pumped by electron collisional excitation and recombination. For highly stripped ions of moderate to high Z, relativistic effects begin to play a role in the atomic-physics calculations. %e have used a relativistic multiconfigurational distorted-wave model for the calculation of electron excitation cross sections and rate coefficients between the 3s'3p 3d' Ni-like Gd ground state and the singly excited states with an X-shell electron.

Reduced population and gain coefficient calculations for soft X-ray laser emission from Eu35+

“…Second, the wavelengths of amplified transitions scale more favorably with atomic number Z than for the neon-like ions. Therefore, several calculations [13][14][15][16] have already appeared in the literature reporting the atomic data for energy levels, radiative rates, collision strengths, and excitation rate coefficients.…”

Radiative Rates for Allowed Transitions in Ni-Like Nd, Sm, Eu, Ta, and W

“…Hagelstein [2] has studied these parameters for Gd XXXVII. He has included the lowest 107 fine-structure levels arising from the (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 ) 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 , 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4l, 3s 2 3p 5 3d 10 4l, and 3s3p 6 3d 10 4l configurations, and has calculated energy levels and radiative rates using a relativistic atomic structure code called YODA.…”

“…Second, the wavelengths of amplified transitions scale more favorably with atomic number Z than for the neon-like ions. Therefore, several calculations [1][2][3][4] have already appeared in the literature reporting the atomic data for energy levels, radiative rates, collision strengths, and excitation rate coefficients.Hagelstein [2] has studied these parameters for Gd XXXVII. He has included the lowest 107 fine-structure levels arising from the (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 ) 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 , 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4l, 3s 2 3p 5 3d 10 4l, and 3s3p 6 3d 10 4l configurations, and has calculated energy levels and radiative rates using a relativistic atomic structure code called YODA.…”

Extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray laser emission from Ni-like Nd ions

“…Second, the wavelengths of amplified transitions scale more favorably with atomic number Z than these for the neon-like ions. Thus, several calculations [13][14][15][16] have already appeared in the literature reporting the atomic data for energy levels, radiative rates, collision strengths, and excitation-rate coefficients. Since these data are insufficient for laser gain calculations, the theoretical calculations are needed to approve the experimental observations.…”