Relativistic Brillouin flow in the high ν/γ diode

Creedon, J.

doi:10.1063/1.322034

Cited by 213 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The RTL is illustrated in Figure 2.2. Electrons emitted from the cathode are magnetically insulated [9][10][11][12][13][14] from crossing the anode-cathode (AK) gap and flow axially in the direction of power flow as illustrated in Figure 2.3. A low MITL impedance is advantageous for a z-pinch IFE system as it minimizes the inductance between the driver and the load; thus, the voltage generated by dI/dt (required to drive the z-pinch) is minimized [15].…”

Section: Recyclable Transmission Line (Rtl) (C L Olson Snl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2 mm wall dielectric pipe (not shown in Fig. 3.7) was installed into the radial gap between the side flange of the electrode (6) and the electrode (8), and the ~3 kV pre-magnetizing pulse was applied to the rod (13) which is welded to the electrode (3). In Figures 3.5 and 3.6, during the main shot the left side of the module was negative whereas the right side was positive, and the current cavities flowed on opposite direction; therefore the pre-magnetizing current must flow in the same direction as the current in the load -from the right to the left.…”

Section: Voltage Adder Configuration For Five Ltd Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recyclable transmission line (RTL) and linear transformer driver (LTD) development for Z-pinch inertial fusion energy (Z-IFE) and high yield.

Sharpe¹,

Kingsep

Smith³

et al. 2007

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Z-Pinch Inertial Fusion Energy (Z-IFE) complements and extends the single-shot zpinch fusion program on Z to a repetitive, high-yield, power plant scenario that can be used for the production of electricity, transmutation of nuclear waste, and hydrogen production, all with no CO 2 production and no long-lived radioactive nuclear waste. The Z-IFE concept uses a Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) accelerator, and a Recyclable Transmission Line (RTL) to connect the LTD driver to a high-yield fusion target inside a thick-liquid-wall power plant chamber.Results of RTL and LTD research are reported here, that include: (1) The key physics issues for RTLs involve the power flow at the high linear current densities that occur near the target (up to 5 MA/cm). These issues include surface heating, melting, ablation, plasma formation, electron flow, magnetic insulation, conductivity changes, magnetic field diffusion changes, possible ion flow, and RTL mass motion. These issues are studied theoretically, computationally (with the ALEGRA and LSP codes), and 4 will work at 5 MA/cm or higher, with anode-cathode gaps as small as 2 mm. (2) An RTL misalignment sensitivity study has been performed using a 3D circuit model. Results show very small load current variations for significant RTL misalignments. (3) The key structural issues for RTLs involve optimizing the RTL strength (varying shape, ribs, etc.) while minimizing the RTL mass. Optimization studies show RTL mass reductions by factors of three or more. (4) Fabrication and pressure testing of Z-PoP (Proof-ofPrinciple) size RTLs are successfully reported here. (5) Modeling of the effect of initial RTL imperfections on the buckling pressure has been performed. Results show that the curved RTL offers a much greater buckling pressure as well as less sensitivity to imperfections than three other RTL designs. (6) Repetitive operation of a 0.5 MA, 100 kV, 100 ns, LTD cavity with gas purging between shots and automated operation is demonstrated at the SNL Z-IFE LTD laboratory with rep-rates up to 10.3 seconds between shots (this is essentially at the goal of 10 seconds for Z-IFE). (7) A single LTD switch at Tomsk was fired repetitively every 12 seconds for 36,000 shots with no failures. Present results from all of these power flow studies validate the whole LTD/RTL concept for single-shot ICF high yield, and for repetitive-shot IFE.

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Section: Recyclable Transmission Line (Rtl) (C L Olson Snl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Voltage Adder Configuration For Five Ltd Cavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable transmission line (RTL) and linear transformer driver (LTD) development for Z-pinch inertial fusion energy (Z-IFE) and high yield.

Sharpe¹,

Kingsep

Smith³

et al. 2007

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“…Non-equilibrium ion behavior in dynamic plasma sheaths can be described by the hydrodynamic equations Dp +.LI= 0 , (16) at ax and,…”

Section: A Generalized Current Density Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work it is assumed that the self-magnetic field does not cause excessive bending of the electron orbits so that a one dimensional treatment is adequate. Physically, this might correspond to a situation in which beam currents are smaller than the critical current for beam pinching or magnetic insulation 16 , or an external magnetic field is present to inhibit transverse beam motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of dynamic bipolar plasma sheaths

Grossmann

Swanekamp

Ottinger

1992

Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics

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The behavior of a one-dimensional plasma sheath is described in regimes where the sheath is not in equilibrium because it carries current densities that are either time dependent, or larger than the bipolar Child–Langmuir level determined from the injected ion flux. Earlier models of dynamic bipolar sheaths assumed that ions and electrons evolve in a series of quasiequilibria. In addition, sheath growth was described by the equation Zen0ẋs=‖ ji‖−Zen0u0, where ẋs is the velocity of the sheath edge, ji is the ion current density, n0u0 is the injected ion flux density, and Ze is the ion charge. In this paper, a generalization of the bipolar electron-to-ion current density ratio formula is derived to study regimes where ions are not in equilibrium. A generalization of the above sheath growth equation is also developed, which is consistent with the ion continuity equation and which reveals new physics of sheath behavior associated with the emitted electrons and their evolution. Based on these findings, two new models of dynamic bipolar sheaths are developed. Larger sheath sizes and potentials than those of earlier models are found. In certain regimes, explosive sheath growth is predicted.

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“…Detailed descriptions of this magnetic cutoff and the relationships between the cathode boundary and sheath currents in equilibrium are found in Refs. [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling particle emission and power flow in pulsed-power driven, nonuniform transmission lines

Bruner

Genoni

Madrid

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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Pulsed-power driven x-ray radiographic systems are being developed to operate at higher power in an effort to increase source brightness and penetration power. Essential to the design of these systems is a thorough understanding of electron power flow in the transmission line that couples the pulsed-power driver to the load. In this paper, analytic theory and fully relativistic particle-in-cell simulations are used to model power flow in several experimental transmission-line geometries fielded on Sandia National Laboratories' upgraded Radiographic Integrated Test Stand [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 1653 (2000)]. Good agreement with measured electrical currents is demonstrated on a shot-by-shot basis for simulations which include detailed models accounting for space-charge-limited electron emission, surface heating, and stimulated particle emission. Resonant cavity modes related to the transmission-line impedance transitions are also shown to be excited by electron power flow. These modes can drive oscillations in the output power of the system, degrading radiographic resolution.

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Relativistic Brillouin flow in the high ν/γ diode

Cited by 213 publications

References 21 publications

Recyclable transmission line (RTL) and linear transformer driver (LTD) development for Z-pinch inertial fusion energy (Z-IFE) and high yield.

Recyclable transmission line (RTL) and linear transformer driver (LTD) development for Z-pinch inertial fusion energy (Z-IFE) and high yield.

Modeling of dynamic bipolar plasma sheaths

Modeling particle emission and power flow in pulsed-power driven, nonuniform transmission lines

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