Relative Resistance of Goldenrod to Aphid Attack: Changes Through the Growing Season

Pilson, Diana

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00632.x

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…If the resistance status of plant individuals in relation to other individuals in the population ('relative resistance') changes over a growing season and between years, the total damage and fitness differences between individuals may be small (Pilson 1992). On the other hand, long-lived plants can represent discrete resource patches to which specialist insects may become locally adapted (Edmunds & Alstad 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant quality in terms of leaf toughness, water content, and the contents of proteins and secondary compounds usually changes dramatically during the growing season, and especially early in the season before leaf maturation (Krischik & Denno 1983). If plant individuals vary in their rates of seasonal change, then the resistance ranking of plants may change (Pilson 1992). Furthermore, variation among plant individuals in their reactions to environmental conditions may lead to changes in the relative resistance order during a season (Pilson 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If plant individuals vary in their rates of seasonal change, then the resistance ranking of plants may change (Pilson 1992). Furthermore, variation among plant individuals in their reactions to environmental conditions may lead to changes in the relative resistance order during a season (Pilson 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ranking of individual mountain birch trees in terms of leaf chemistry: seasonal and annual variation

et al. 2004

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The quality of tree leaves as food for herbivores changes rapidly especially during the spring and early summer. However, whether the quality of an individual tree in relation to other trees in the population changes during the growing season and between years is less clear. We studied the seasonal and annual stability of chemical and physical traits affecting leaf quality for herbivores. Rankings of trees in terms of the contents of two major groups of phenolics in their leaves, hydrolyzable tannins and proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins), were very stable from the early spring to the end of the growing season. There were also strong positive within-season correlations in the levels of some other groups of phenolics in the leaves (kaempferol glycosides, myricetin glycosides and p-coumaroylquinic acid derivatives). The contents of individual sugars and the sum content of protein-bound amino acids showed patterns of seasonal consistency in mature leaves, but not in young developing leaves. The seasonal correlations in leaf water content and toughness were also strongest in mature leaves. The correlations between two years at corresponding times of the growing season were strongly positive for the major groups of phenolics throughout the season, but were more variable for the contents of proteins and some sugars. Leaf toughness and water content showed strong positive correlations in mature leaves. Despite the consistency of tree ranking in terms of leaf phenolics, the relative resistance status of trees may, however, change during a growing season because there was a negative correlation between the content of hydrolyzable tannins (early-season resistance compounds) in leaves early in the season and the content of proanthocyanidins (late-season resistance compounds) late in the season, and vice versa. Thus, assuming that phenolics affect herbivore preference and performance, different plants may suffer damage at different times of the growing season, and the overall variation between trees in the fitness consequences may be low. In addition, the adaptation of herbivorous insects to mountain birch foliage in general, as well as to specific tree individuals, may be constrained by variation in the relative resistance status of the trees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ranking of individual mountain birch trees in terms of leaf chemistry: seasonal and annual variation

et al. 2004

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“…If different plants suffer high levels of damage at different times of the growing season, the overall fitness differences among plants may be low (Pilson 1992). Temporal variation in selection for different resistance traits may thus constrain the evolution of more effective defences in mountain birch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable responses of folivorous sawflies to leaf quality of mountain birch

Riipi¹,

Kause²,

Haukioja³

et al. 2005

Can. J. For. Res.

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Abstract:We studied whether the larval performance of four sawfly species feeding on mountain birch (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) leaves at different times of the growing season was related to the same chemical and physical leaf traits. In the three phenologically earliest species, larval growth was related to the same set of leaf traits. In contrast, consumption of leaf material was related to different leaf traits in all of the four species. Leaf suitability for herbivore growth and tree resistance to herbivore consumption were thus not always determined by the same leaf traits. Leaf water content and toughness had the strongest associations with larval performance. Phenolics, which are often considered the main resistance compounds in deciduous trees, explained only a small part of the variance in leaf consumption, but some groups of phenolics were negatively related to larval growth. In conclusion, the same mountain birch trees were not resistant to all of the studied sawflies in terms of leaf consumption, but low leaf suitability, which was related to the same set of leaf traits in the case of three sawfly species, may serve birch resistance, e.g., by exposing larvae to natural enemies for a longer period. Résumé :Les auteurs ont examiné si la performance des larves de quatre espèces de tenthrèdes qui se nourrissent sur les feuilles du bouleau pubescent (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) à différents moments de la saison de croissance est reliée aux mêmes caractéristiques physiques et chimiques des feuilles. Chez les trois espèces les plus précoces du point de vue phénologique, la croissance des larves était reliée au même groupe de caractéristi-ques des feuilles. Par contre, la consommation de matériel foliaire était reliée à différentes caractéristiques des feuilles chez chacune des quatre espèces. La qualité nutritive des feuilles pour la croissance des herbivores et la résistance des arbres à la consommation par les herbivores n'étaient par conséquent pas toujours déterminées par les mêmes traits foliaires. La teneur en eau des feuilles et leur coriacité étaient le plus étroitement reliées à la performance des larves. Les composés phénoliques qui sont souvent considérés comme responsables de la résistance chez les feuillus expliquaient seulement une faible proportion de la variance dans la consommation des feuilles. Par contre, certains groupes de composés phénoliques étaient négativement reliés à la croissance des larves. En conclusion, les mêmes bouleaux n'étaient pas résistants à toutes les espèces de tenthrèdes étudiées en terme de consommation des feuilles, mais la faible qualité nutritive des feuilles, qui était reliée au même groupe de traits foliaires dans le cas de trois espèces de tenthrèdes, pourrait contribuer à la résistance du bouleau, par exemple, en exposant les larves à des ennemis naturels pour une plus longue période.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Riipi et al. 198

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“…The rank of each goldenrod clone, measured as the number of aphids or spittlebugs present on clones at each census date, did not change through the growing season (e.g., Pilson, 1992). Thus, it is appropriate to use goldenrod clone means for the season as an indicator of goldenrod resistance to aphids and spittlebugs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid Distribution and the Evolution of Goldenrod Resistance

Pilson

1992

Evolution

Self Cite

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Abstract. -Although there is considerable evidence indicating that herbivory is detrimental to plant fitness, some recent studies of the evolution of plant resistance have concluded that insects do not impose selection on their host plants. A previously untested assumption that underlies most studies of the evolution of plant resistance is that insect distribution patterns are controlled directly by the effects of plant genotype on insect preference and performance. The experiments described here explicitly tested this assumption using the specialist herbivore Uroleucon tissoti (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its host plant Solidago altissima (Asteraceae). Measures of aphid preference and performance were used to predict aphid distribution patterns, and then the predicted distribution patterns were compared with the natural distribution pattern. Although goldenrod genotype had a strong effect on aphid distribution, aphid distribution was not controlled directly by the effect of goldenrod genotype on aphid preference and performance. Instead, a second experiment demonstrated that aphid and spittlebug (Phi/aenus spumarius and Lepyronia quadrangularis Homoptera: Cercopidae) distribution is controlled largely by genetic variation for resistance to a suite of"branchcausing" herbivores. These herbivores induce branching and aphids and spittlebugs are more abundant on branched plants than unbranched plants. These results indicate that any natural selection imposed by aphids and spittlebugs on goldenrod will depend on the presence or absence of branch-causing herbivores. Thus, selection for plant resistance may depend as much on the assemblage of insect species present as on the identity of each individual species.

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Relative Resistance of Goldenrod to Aphid Attack: Changes Through the Growing Season

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Ranking of individual mountain birch trees in terms of leaf chemistry: seasonal and annual variation

Ranking of individual mountain birch trees in terms of leaf chemistry: seasonal and annual variation

Variable responses of folivorous sawflies to leaf quality of mountain birch

Aphid Distribution and the Evolution of Goldenrod Resistance

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