Relative Penetration of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Ions into Human Skin after Application of Different Zinc Oxide Formulations

Holmes, Amy; Song, Zhen; Moghimi, Hamid; Roberts, Michael S.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b04148

Cited by 91 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The safety of ZnO NPs when used as a UV protector has been of continuing controversy, with many of the safety concerns mainly based on cell culture and animal data as well as human studies [79]. Most of the studies have found that the ZnO NPs remain on the skin surface and do not enter the viable epidermis [8,57,80].…”

Section: Possible Role Of Inflammasome and Autophagy In Nanoparticmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Autophagy and the Inflammasome during Environmental Stress-Triggered Skin Inflammation

Chen

Lee

Yeh

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Inflammatory skin diseases are the most common problem in dermatology. The induction of skin inflammation by environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and TiO2/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) has been demonstrated previously. Recent studies have indicated that the inflammasome is often wrongly activated by these environmental irritants, thus inducing massive inflammation and resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. The regulation of the inflammasome with respect to skin inflammation is complex and is still not completely understood. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that is associated with the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, plays a key role in inflammasome inactivation. As a housekeeping pathway, cells utilize autophagy to maintain the homeostasis of the organ structure and function when exposed to environmental stressors. However, only a few studies have examined the effect of autophagy and/or the inflammasome on skin pathogenesis. Here we review recent findings regarding the involvement of autophagy and inflammasome activation during skin inflammation. We posit that autophagy induction is a novel mechanism inter-modulating environmental stressor-induced skin inflammation. We also attempt to highlight the role of the inflammasome and the possible underlying mechanisms and pathways reflecting the pathogenesis of skin inflammation induced by UVR, Cr(VI) and TiO2/ZnO/Ag NPs. A more profound understanding about the crosstalk between autophagy and the inflammasome will contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies against human skin disease.

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Section: Possible Role Of Inflammasome and Autophagy In Nanoparticmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Autophagy and the Inflammasome during Environmental Stress-Triggered Skin Inflammation

Chen

Lee

Yeh

et al. 2016

IJMS

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“…Recent studies have shown no evidence of ZnO penetrating the superficial layers of the stratum corneum after application at a pH of 6 and 9 or within a sunscreen formulation [9]. Another study reported no adverse effects of ZnO (20 nm, negative charge) up to 1000 mg/kg body weight in either male or female rats after 90 days of dermal application [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Comparative Skin Irritation Induced by Nano and Non-Nano Zinc Oxide

et al. 2017

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This study was designed to determine whether nano-sized ZnO has the potential to cause acute cutaneous irritation using cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and a human skin equivalent as in vitro models, compared to non-nanomaterials. Commercial nano ZnO with different sizes (50 nm and 100 nm) was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and microscopy (SEM) in different media. Nano ZnO reduced the cell viability of HaCaT in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, in a similar way to macro ZnO. However, the 3D-epidermis model revealed no irritation at 1 mg/mL after 24 h of exposure. In conclusion, nano-sized ZnO does not irritate skin, in a similar manner to non-nano ZnO.

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“…The TNP 20, ZNP 20 and NQTZ were produced 50% cell viability reduction at 100 µg/ml significantly. For ZNP 20, the highest cell viability reduction was 85.73% at the 300 µg/ml observed in A549 cells after 48 h post exposure [22]. The percent cytoxtoxicity induced by test TNP 20 and ZNP 20 exposed to Hep G2 cells were shown in fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Titanium and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Human Cell Lines

Gandamalla

Lingabathula

Yellu

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of titanium dioxide, 20 nm (TNP 20) and zinc oxide, 20 nm (ZNP 20) nanoparticles (NP) were tested on different types of human skin (HaCat), lung (A549), liver (Hep G2) and colon (Caco-2) cell cultures in relevance to human risk assessment Methods:The different concentrations of test TNP 20 and ZNP 20 1-300 µg/ml were exposed to determine the cell viability reduction on four human cell lines after 48 h post exposure using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The mitochondrial membrane activities of the viable cells were determined with intensity of formazon formation by interpreting ELISA absorbance values at 470 nm. Results:The percent of cytotoxicity was determined by comparing percentage of cell viability reduction of test with that of control. The ZNP 20 produced higher cytotoxicity at the doses 100 (p<0.05) and 300 (p<0.001) µg/ml significantly on tested four human skin (HaCaT), lung (A549), liver (Hep G2) and colon (Caco-2) cells compared to TNP 20. The tested NP induced lesser cytotoxicity at lower concentrations with 1 and 3µg/ml in all the tested four cell lines. The induced cytotoxicity was an indicator for increased intracellular reactive oxygen species which further cause's major cell damage and cell death. Conclusion:The tested NP were induced greater cytotoxicity in the colon, Liver, lung and skin cells at higher concentrations 100 and 300 µg/ml significantly. The cytotoxicity order of TNP 20 and ZNP 20 at the highest dose (300µg/ml) were concluded as Caco-2>Hep G2>A549>HaCaT for 48 h post exposed cells.

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Relative Penetration of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Ions into Human Skin after Application of Different Zinc Oxide Formulations

Cited by 91 publications

References 52 publications

The Roles of Autophagy and the Inflammasome during Environmental Stress-Triggered Skin Inflammation

The Roles of Autophagy and the Inflammasome during Environmental Stress-Triggered Skin Inflammation

In Vitro Comparative Skin Irritation Induced by Nano and Non-Nano Zinc Oxide

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Titanium and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Human Cell Lines

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