Relative importance of crop seed, manure and irrigation water as sources of weed infestation

Dastgheib, F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1989.tb00848.x

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In Germany, wild radish seeds were reported as contaminants in 1-6% of the cereal seed samples tested (Fuchs and Voit 1992); but were among the most frequent contaminants of wheat seed in Iran, present in 90% of samples studied (Dastgheib 1989). The stems of wild radish can interfere with harvesting machinery, and their presence, when green, may raise the moisture content of grain above levels acceptable for storage.…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Warwick¹,

Francis²

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Warwick, S. I. and Francis, A. 2005. The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: . A review of biological information is provided for Raphanus raphanistrum L. Native to the Mediterranean region, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. In Canada, it currently occurs in all provinces except Saskatchewan and Manitoba, has only a limited distribution in Alberta, and is also absent from the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. It is most abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific regions and is an important weed of field crops in the Maritime provinces and Quebec. A persistent seed bank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. It can easily hybridize with cultivated radish, R. sativus L., and commonly does so when they occur together. Limited hybridization with canola, Brassica napus L., has been reported from several experimental field and greenhouse trials. Selective herbicide control is most difficult in canola and other cruciferous crops. It is the most important dicot weed in the southwestern region of Australia, primarily due to the evolution of several different herbicide-resistant biotypes. These include biotypes resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors (group 2 herbicides) and/or photosystem II-inhibitors (group 5), and a biotype with multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, photosystem II-inhibitors, an auxin (2,4-D amine), and a phytoene desaturase (PSDS)-inhibitor (diflufenican). A biotype resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron has also been detected in South Africa. Un réservoir de semences bien stocké, une croissance agressive pour une annuelle et une grande fécondité expliquent la nature problématique de l'espèce, qui le demeurera longtemps. La plante se croise facilement avec le radis cultivé R. sativus et le fait couramment aux endroits où les deux espèces se côtoient. On a aussi rapporté une hybridation partielle avec le canola, Brassica napus L., lors de quelques essais sur des parcelles expérimentales ou en serre. La lutte au moyen de désherbants sélectifs s'avère particulièrement délicate dans les champs de canola et d'autres crucifères. Il s'agit de la principale dicotylédone nuisible dans le sud-ouest de l'Australie, principalement en raison de l'apparition de biotypes résistants. Ces biotypes résistent notamment aux inhibiteurs de l'acétolactate-synthase (herbicides du groupe 2) ou du photosystème II (groupe 5) ou aux deux. On a aussi identifié un biotype résistant aux deux types d'inhibiteurs précités ainsi qu'à l'auxine (2,4-D amine) et à l'inhibiteur de la phytoène désaturase. Enfin, on a repéré un biotype résistant au chlorsulfuron (inhibiteur de l'acétolactate-synthase) en Afrique du Sud.

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Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in Iran, viable seeds of R. raphanistrum were present in 50-70% of samples of sheep manure tested (Dastgheib 1989).…”

Section: Response To Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Warwick¹,

Francis²

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Sheep also may pick up seed from the soil surface on bedgrounds. In the past, numerous plant species were introduced to Europe via sheep fleeces (Ridley 1930 Sheep consuming leafy spurge seeds may also disperse viable seeds in their feces (Harmon and Keim 1934, Lehrer and Tisdale 1956, Özer 1979, Thill et al 1986, Simao Neto et al 1987, Dastgheib 1989. Viability of seed recovered from feces may be enhanced or reduced compared with seed that has not passed through sheep (Harmon and Keim 1934, Lacey et al 1992, Wallander et al 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Leafy Spurge Seed from Sheep

Olson¹,

Wallander²,

Kott³

1997

Journal of Range Management

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Abstract:Sheep are often used to graze North American rangelands infested with leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), a long-lived perennial forb from Eurasia. Our objective was to determine if sheep grazing infested rangelands disperse leafy spurge seed by transport in their fleece or by depositing seeds in their feces. Twenty-four yearling Targhee ewes grazed a 2.4 ha native bunchgrass range site infested with leafy spurge from late-May through mid-August of 1993 and 1994. Six of the 24 ewes were shorn in October 1993. To recover leafy spurge seeds from those fleeces, we used a standard method to test wool for vegetable matter. On average, 38 seeds were recovered per fleece. During these summers, 6 small groups (n = 4 sheep per group) each grazed 3 separate paddocks. We estimated the density of leafy spurge seed before the groups were moved into 1 of 3 paddocks. After the sheep were moved into a paddock (day 0), we collected fresh feces from each group on or about day 4, 10, and 14. Feces were then washed over sieves to recover leafy spurge seeds. All seeds were tested for germinability and viability. The number of viable seeds excreted daily per ewe was estimated. In 1993, 1,796 ± 405 (S.E.) leafy spurge seeds m -2 were produced in the field, whereas in 1994, 399 ± 63 (S.E.) leafy spurge seeds m -2 were produced. The summer of 1994 was much drier than the summer of 1993. We estimated that 41 to 144 leafy spurge seeds were excreted daily per animal in mid-July 1993. Viability of seeds in the feces averaged 5%, whereas viability of seeds collected from seed stalks was 42%. We estimated that the ewes excreted from 2 to 41 leafy spurge seeds daily at the peak in mid-July 1994. Viability of seeds excreted during 1994 averaged 24%, whereas viability of seeds collected from seed stalks was 68%. Sheep can pick up leafy spurge seed in their fleece, and will consume and pass viable seed. However, viability of seed recovered from feces was highly variable and almost always lower than 1 Manuscript accepted 1 Jan. 1996.

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“…This signifies the contribution of manure to the spread of weeds in crop fields (Dastgeihb, 1989;Pleasant & Slather, 1994). Some of the weeds such as Tagetes minuta are very vigorous and competitive, making them extremely difficulty to control once introduced into crop fields.…”

Section: Weed Population and Species Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%