Relative Distance Based Forwarding Protocol for Underwater Wireless Networks

Li, Zonglin; Yao, Nianmin; Gao, Qin

doi:10.1155/2014/173089

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, this technique uses fixed GNs to take the data from MNs; in this sense, the GNs use most of their energy in relaying the data and ultimately lessen the network lifetime and provide a low data delivery rate. In [19], a relative distance-based forwarding (RDBF) routing protocol was proposed to transmit data from the source to the sink, and which node becomes the forwarder depends on the idea of fitness.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-shaped efficient delay and data gathering routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Farooq¹,

Ali²,

Shaf³

et al. 2019

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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High end-to-end delay is a major challenge in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-aided routing protocols for underwater monitoring applications. In this paper, a new routing protocol called atomic-shaped efficient delay and data gathering (ASEDG) has been introduced for underwater wireless sensor networks. The ASEDG is divided into two phases; in the first phase, the atomic-shaped trajectory model with horizontal and vertical ellipticals was designed for the movement of the AUV. In the second phase, two types of delay models were considered to make our protocol more delay efficient: member nodes (MNs) to MNs and MNs to gateway nodes (GNs). The MNs-to-MNs delay in the network specifies how long is required for the selection of the next possible forwarders by eliminating the chances of backtracking and a higher number of association links. The MNs-to-GNs delay is considered to choose the path from a multipath environment that takes a minimum amount of time for sending the packet from its generation to destination node. For efficient data gathering, this new trajectory model creates the maximum possible GNs for the association of the MNs. Furthermore, our protocol, ASEDG, has been evaluated by using the aquasim network simulator (NS-2), and its results were compared with the already existing protocol, an efficient data gathering (AEDG) routing protocol. The simulation results show that the ASEDG performed better than the AEDG in terms of end-to-end delay and throughput.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-shaped efficient delay and data gathering routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Farooq¹,

Ali²,

Shaf³

et al. 2019

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this scheme nodes having low residual energy and minimum depth act as energy storage nodes for saving energy in sleep mode. A technique called Relative Distance Base Forwarding routing protocol (RDBF) [9] is designed to reduce network delay as well as energy consumption. Forwarding of data is based on sensor nodes distance with its sink.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Sink Efficient Balanced Energy Technique for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Khan

Javaid

Majid

et al. 2016

2016 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA)

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Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks are considered to provide efficient monitoring tasks in aquatic environment but due to limited battery resource of sensor nodes, network lifetime collapses. Energy balancing is the major issue in low network lifetime. High energy consumption creates energy holes and ultimately leads to shorter network lifetime. Therefore, energy consumption must be balanced to increase network life time. To overcome these concerns a technique should be designed that minimizes the energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. This paper presents a Dual Sink Efficient and Balanced Energy consumption Technique (DSEBET) for UASNs. DSEBET overcomes the problem of limited network lifetime and high energy consumption over long distance. Dual sinks underwater model is established. DSEBET first establishes links between nodes on the basis of their optimum distance value and then picks relay nodes on the basis of their minimum distance "N j " value for the transmission of data. In the data transmission phase every nodes have equal energy levels numbers (ELNs). Long distance nodes from one sink will share their data to other sink if come in range of sink otherwise they will establish a multi hop path for transmission of data to the respective sink.

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“…Relative Distance Based Forwarding (RDBF) is proposed in [26]. In RDBF, fitness factor is normalized by transmission range to get the value in range of [0, 1].…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Raza

Arshad

Ahmed

et al. 2016

Sensors

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In this paper, a novel routing strategy to cater the energy consumption and delay sensitivity issues in deep underwater wireless sensor networks is proposed. This strategy is named as ESDR: Event Segregation based Delay sensitive Routing. In this strategy sensed events are segregated on the basis of their criticality and, are forwarded to their respective destinations based on forwarding functions. These functions depend on different routing metrics like: Signal Quality Index, Localization free Signal to Noise Ratio, Energy Cost Function and Depth Dependent Function. The problem of incomparable values of previously defined forwarding functions causes uneven delays in forwarding process. Hence forwarding functions are redefined to ensure their comparable values in different depth regions. Packet forwarding strategy is based on the event segregation approach which forwards one third of the generated events (delay sensitive) to surface sinks and two third events (normal events) are forwarded to mobile sinks. Motion of mobile sinks is influenced by the relative distribution of normal nodes. We have also incorporated two different mobility patterns named as; adaptive mobility and uniform mobility for mobile sinks. The later one is implemented for collecting the packets generated by the normal nodes. These improvements ensure optimum holding time, uniform delay and in-time reporting of delay sensitive events. This scheme is compared with the existing ones and outperforms the existing schemes in terms of network lifetime, delay and throughput.

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Relative Distance Based Forwarding Protocol for Underwater Wireless Networks

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Atomic-shaped efficient delay and data gathering routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Atomic-shaped efficient delay and data gathering routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Dual Sink Efficient Balanced Energy Technique for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

An Improved Forwarding of Diverse Events with Mobile Sinks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

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