Relationships between Temporal and Spatial Changes in Lakes and Climate Change in the Saline-Alkali Concentrated Distribution Area in the Southwest of Songnen Plain, Northeast China, from 1985 to 2015

Abstract

The southwest of Songnen Plain, Northeast China, has an arid climate and is a typical concentrated distribution area of saline-alkali soil. The terrain here is low-lying, with many small, shallow lakes that are vulnerable to climate change. This paper used Landsat satellite remote sensing images of this area from 1985 to 2015 to perform interpretation of lake water bodies, to classify the lakes according to their areas, and to analyze the spatial dynamic characteristics of lakes in different areas. During the 30 years from 1985 to 2015, the number of lakes in the study area decreased by 71, and the total lake area decreased by 266.85 km2. The decrease was more serious in the east and northeast, and the appearance and disappearance of lakes was drastic. The Mann–Kendall test method was used to analyze trends in meteorological factors (annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and annual evaporation) in the study area and perform mutation tests. Through correlation analysis and multiple generalized linear model analysis, the response relationship between lake change and climate change was quantified. The results showed that the average temperature in the area is rising, and the annual precipitation and evaporation are declining. Temperature and precipitation mainly affected lakes of less than 1 km2, with a contribution rate of 31.2% and 39.4%, and evaporation had a certain correlation to the total lake area in the study area, with a contribution rate of 60.2%. Small lakes are susceptible to climatic factors, while large lakes, which are mostly used as water sources, may be influenced more by human factors. This is the problem and challenge to be uncovered in this article. This research will help to improve our understanding of lake evolution and climate change response in saline-alkali areas and provide scientific basis for research into lakes’ (reservoirs’) sustainable development and protection.

Sustainability of Lakes and Reservoirs: Multiple Perspectives Based on Ecosystem Services

“…The impacts of climate change were also found in the case study of Li [10] in the saline-alkali area of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, where more than 25% of the lakes and reservoirs disappeared from 1985 to 2015. Using Landsat satellite imagery, the research found that the average temperature of the ~700 remaining lakes has been rising while their annual precipitation and evaporation have been declining.…”

“…(2) hydropower [3][4][5]; (3) sediment cycling [6]; (4) water storage and supply [7][8][9]; (5) climate change [10]; (6) flood control [5]; (7) fisheries [11] and (8) tourism [12]. Together with a description of these ES, a brief summary of these papers is provided below.…”

“…Using Landsat satellite imagery, the research found that the average temperature of the ~700 remaining lakes has been rising while their annual precipitation and evaporation have been declining. Li [10] concluded that the degradation and disappearance of small lakes (<10 km 2 ) in this area are mainly caused by drying and warming of the climate and the shortage of replenishment resources. On the other hand, it appeared that the driving factors affecting the changes in large lakes (>10 km 2 ) are anthropogenic.…”

Spatiotemporal Variation in Saline Soil Properties in the Seasonal Frozen Area of Northeast China: A Case Study in Western Jilin Province

“…The Songnen Plain is the largest distribution area of carbonate saline soil in China and is also one of the three major distribution areas of soda saline-alkali soil in the world [7].…”

Long-term water clarity patterns of lakes across China using Landsat series imagery from 1985 to 2020

“…However, due to the coarse spatial resolution and the relatively short-term historical archives of these ocean color sensors, their applications were limited to large lakes and reservoirs, and the study periods were concentrated in the past two decades (Li et al, 2020a). The statistics on lakes with an area ≤ 1 km 2 are scant, and understanding of the variations in SD before the 21st century is limited (Downing et al, 2012;Biggs et al, 2017;Li et al, 2020b). In order to improve the water environment monitoring capability, 30 m Landsat series data have recently been used for SD evaluation (Page et al, 2019;Dona et al, 2014).…”