Relationships between starch pattern indices and starch concentrations in four apple cultivars

Doerflinger, Franziska C.; Miller, William B.; Nock, Jacqueline F.; Watkins, Christopher B.

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.07.012

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Starch hydrolysis was highly affected by ethylene production in 'Gala' apples (Doerflinger et al, 2015a). Doerflinger et al (2015b) reported that IEC was positively correlated with SPI over a wide range of fruit maturities for 'Gala', 'Honeycrisp', 'McIntosh', and 'Empire' apples. These relationships were consistent with the results of our study, which indicated that starch hydrolysis progression and increased IEC were highly correlated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality and Physiological Disorders of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Storage at Warm and Cold Temperatures

Lee¹,

Kang²,

Nock³

et al. 2019

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The effects of preharvest and postharvest treatments of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in combination or alone on fruit quality and the incidence of physiological disorders during storage of ‘Fuji’ apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] at 20 and 0.5 °C were investigated. Preharvest 1-MCP (Harvista) treatments were applied 4 or 10 days before harvest (DBH), and then fruit were either untreated or treated with 1-MCP (SmartFresh) postharvest. Fruit were stored at 20 °C for up to 4 weeks or at 0.5 °C for up to 36 weeks. At harvest, starch pattern indices and watercore incidence and severity were lower in fruit with preharvest 1-MCP treatment applied 10 DBH than in untreated fruit and in fruit treated 4 DBH. At 20 °C, the combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments reduced the internal ethylene concentration (IEC) more than preharvest 1-MCP treatment alone, but not to a greater extent than postharvest 1-MCP treatment alone. Greasiness and watercore were reduced more by the combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments than by either treatment alone. However, preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments, in combination or alone, did not consistently affect flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids concentration, color a* values, or incidences of flesh browning, core browning, and stem-end flesh browning. At 0.5 °C, the combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments inhibited IECs and maintained firmness and TA more than no treatment or preharvest 1-MCP treatment alone. However, there was a lesser extent of differences than there was with postharvest 1-MCP treatment alone. Incidences of physiological disorders were not consistently affected by the preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments. Overall, the results suggested that the preharvest 1-MCP treatment positively affected fruit quality attributes compared with no treatment during shelf life and long-term cold storage, but not as effectively as a combination of preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality and Physiological Disorders of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Storage at Warm and Cold Temperatures

Lee¹,

Kang²,

Nock³

et al. 2019

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“…Maturity was advanced in lower crop loads in both "Braeburn" and "Gala" [43]. Starch ratings did not mirror the I AD differences, but Doerflinger et al [49] suggested that starch is a better indicator of seasonal accumulation rather than a harvest indicator and, thus, it may not be the most reliable index to assess maturity, and it may be better to associate it with other metrics. Robinson and Watkins [33] noted an increase in maturity with increased crop loads, although this was assessed by internal ethylene concentration (IEC), as opposed to I AD measurements in this trial and in the one reported by Serra et al [20].…”

Section: Crop Load Effect On Fruit Qualitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimizing Crop Load for New Apple Cultivar: “WA38”

2019

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Crop load management is growing increasingly important as a factor related to biennial tendencies, post-harvest disorders, and inconsistent fruit quality in apples like “Honeycrisp”. Washington State University released a new apple cultivar, called “WA38”, in 2017. Limited literature is available about the productive characteristics of this new cultivar. An experimental trial evaluating the effect of crop load on leaf area, fruit quality, mineral composition, and return bloom of “WA 38” was conducted for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) to determine an optimal crop load. Trees were trained as a spindle and grafted on Malling-9 Nic29 (Nic29) rootstocks. Crop loads were adjusted to 2, 4, 6, and 8 fruits/cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). Crop load had a significant effect on production, with yields ranging from 28 to 83 MT/ha in 2017. Fruit quality was impacted by increasing crop load, with a reduction in fruit weight, soluble solid content, firmness, dry matter, titratable acidity, and a delay in maturity. Leaf-to-fruit ratios were higher in lower crop loads. Relatively consistent flower bud formation was seen at the 6 and 8 fruits/cm2 categories. A possible threshold for optimal fruit quality and consistent bloom was identified around 6 fruits/cm2 TCSA.

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“…Starch hydrolysis in bananas was enhanced by treatment with propylene or ethylene (Saraiva et al, 2018). Starch hydrolysis in apples can be dependent or independent of ethylene concentration, whether exogenous or endogenous (Thammawong and Arakawa, 2007;Doerflinger et al, 2015a). Postharvest 1-MCP effects on starch hydrolysis in apples also can be cultivar-dependent (Fan et al, 1999;Neuwald et al, 2010;Thammawong and Arakawa, 2010;Doerflinger et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Metabolism in Fresh Fruits During Storage

et al. 2020

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The extension of commercial life and the reduction of postharvest losses of perishable fruits is mainly based on storage at low temperatures alone or in combination with modified atmospheres (MAs) and controlled atmospheres (CAs), directed primarily at reducing their overall metabolism thus delaying ripening and senescence. Fruits react to postharvest conditions with desirable changes if appropriate protocols are applied, but otherwise can develop negative and unacceptable traits due to the onset of physiological disorders. Extended cold storage periods and/or inappropriate temperatures can result in development of chilling injuries (CIs). The etiology, incidence, and severity of such symptoms vary even within cultivars of the same species, indicating the genotype significance. Carbohydrates and amino acids have protective/regulating roles in CI development. MA/CA storage protocols involve storage under hypoxic conditions and high carbon dioxide concentrations that can maximize quality over extended storage periods but are also affected by the cultivar, exposure time, and storage temperatures. Pyruvate metabolism is highly reactive to changes in oxygen concentration and is greatly affected by the shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Ethylene-induced changes in fruits can also have deleterious effects under cold storage and MA/CA conditions, affecting susceptibility to chilling and carbon dioxide injuries. The availability of the inhibitor of ethylene perception 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has not only resulted in development of a new technology but has also been used to increase understanding of the role of ethylene in ripening of both non-climacteric and climacteric fruits. Temperature, MA/CA, and 1-MCP alter fruit physiology and biochemistry, resulting in compositional changes in carbon-and nitrogen-related metabolisms and compounds. Successful application of these storage technologies to fruits must consider their effects on the metabolism of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids and lipids.

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Relationships between starch pattern indices and starch concentrations in four apple cultivars

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality and Physiological Disorders of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Storage at Warm and Cold Temperatures

Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality and Physiological Disorders of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Storage at Warm and Cold Temperatures

Optimizing Crop Load for New Apple Cultivar: “WA38”

Primary Metabolism in Fresh Fruits During Storage

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