Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality and Physiological Disorders of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Storage at Warm and Cold Temperatures

Lee, Jinwook; Kang, In‐Kyu; Nock, Jacqueline F.; Watkins, Christopher B.

doi:10.21273/hortsci14062-19

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Timing of ethylene inhibition interacted with low O 2 level to affect greasiness in ‘Gala’ apples during long-term storage. 1-MCP treatments have been shown to reduce greasiness in apples ( Fan et al, 1999 ; Nock and Watkins, 2013 ; Lee et al, 2019 ; Shoffe et al, 2021 ), whereas results from the current study found 1-MCP treatment at harvest time and long-term storage in 0.5–0.6 kPa O 2 eliminated greasiness development, plus for up to 14 days thereafter at room temperature. Peel greasiness can become more prevalent in apples with advanced maturity due to later harvested fruit and/or held in storage for prolonged duration ( Watkins et al, 2005 ; DeLong et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Application of 1-MCP prior to harvest can also have an impact on apple quality retention and disorders during storage. ‘Fuji’ apples treated with only preharvest 1-MCP maintained higher firmness and titratable acidity levels, and lower incidence of stem-end browning compared to untreated fruit after cold storage at 0.5°C for up to 36 weeks ( Lee et al, 2019 ). Moreover, preharvest 1-MCP treatment can reduce soft scald development in ‘Honeycrisp’ after 5–6 months of air storage ( DeEll and Ehsani-Moghaddam, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of Ethylene Inhibition Affects Internal Browning and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apples in Long-Term Low Oxygen Storage

et al. 2022

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the timing of ethylene inhibition with preharvest and postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments on internal browning and quality of ‘Gala’ apples in long-term low O2 storage. ‘Gala’ apples were obtained from the same commercial orchard during their harvesting period for 2 years of study. Preharvest 1-MCP orchard spray (3.8% a.i) was applied at the label rate of 60 g 1-MCP per acre in the first year. Postharvest 1-MCP (1 μl L−1) treatments were made for 24 h at 0.5°C either at harvest time (1 day after harvest) or after storage in controlled atmosphere (CA) in both years. Apples were stored in 1.5 kPa O2 + 0.5 kPa CO2 or 0.6 kPa O2 + <0.5 kPa CO2 for 9 months in the first year and 1.5, 1.0, or 0.5 kPa O2 + 0.5 kPa CO2 for 8 months in the second year. Storage regimes with O2 concentrations less than 1 kPa were based on fruit respiration using SafePod™ technology. After removal from storage, all apples were then evaluated for internal browning and other quality attributes after 1, 7, and 14 days at room temperature (RT, 21–22°C). Internal browning developed in ‘Gala’ apples during both years of study, with up to 16% incidence across treatments in the first year and up to 84% in the second year. Apples stored in 0.5–0.6 kPa O2 had significantly less internal browning during both years of study, compared to apples stored in higher O2. The effect of 1-MCP on internal browning was negligible in 0.5–0.6 kPa O2 storage. ‘Gala’ stored in 1.5 kPa O2 and treated with postharvest 1-MCP after storage had significantly less internal browning with preharvest 1-MCP than those without preharvest treatment. Apples treated with postharvest 1-MCP at harvest time, instead of after storage, did not exhibit this same effect. Preharvest 1-MCP-treated fruit maintained greater firmness retention than those without preharvest 1-MCP, and this effect was further enhanced when 1-MCP was applied after storage. Postharvest 1-MCP had no effect on firmness retention in fruit without preharvest 1-MCP, but lower O2 maintained greater firmness in those apples. Preharvest 1-MCP had no significant effect on internal ethylene concentration, whereas it was reduced by postharvest 1-MCP at harvest time in the first year of study, regardless of storage regimes. However, internal ethylene was only affected by storage regime in the second year, with lower concentration in fruit from 0.5 kPa O2 than in those from higher O2. Greasiness developed only in the second year and postharvest 1-MCP consistently reduced it, regardless of treatment timing and storage regime. There was no greasiness in apples treated with postharvest 1-MCP at harvest and then held in 0.5 kPa O2 for 8 months plus 14 days at room temperature. Soluble solids concentration and malic acid content were slightly higher in ‘Gala’ apples with preharvest 1-MCP compared to those without, whereas there was little and inconsistent effect of postharvest 1-MCP on these attributes. Overall, storage regimes with less than 1 kPa O2 provided the least amount of internal browning and best quality attributes. Ethylene inhibition provided further benefits, but this was dependent on the timing of 1-MCP treatment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Ethylene Inhibition Affects Internal Browning and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apples in Long-Term Low Oxygen Storage

et al. 2022

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“…Apple, a typical climacteric fruit, is considered as an ideal species for fruit ripening research. The ethylene production and starch content variation from our results indicated that ripening of apples was accelerated by ethylene and alleviated by 1-MCP and low temperature storage, as reported previously in apples. − Firmness loss and sweetening are important indicators of ripening in apples, which are at least partially due to starch degradation . During fruit development, apples accumulate high content of starch, which may partially maintain the firmness of unripe apples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Transcription Factor MdWRKY32 Participates in Starch–Sugar Metabolism by Binding to the MdBam5 Promoter in Apples During Postharvest Storage

Chen

Lin

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Starch degradation with fruit ripening is closely related to the aging process and flavor formation in apples. In this study, ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and apples treated at different temperatures were used to determine the key genes of starch−sugar metabolism during storage. Compared with 4 °C storage, 20 °C storage promoted starch degradation and sugar accumulation in apples. In addition, ethylene treatment promoted starch degradation and sugar accumulation in apples, while 1-MCP treatment showed the opposite effects. The expression of MdBams indicated the crucial role of MdBam5 in starch−sugar conversion. Transient overexpression of MdBam5 significantly reduced the starch content in apples. Furthermore, MdWRKY32 directly combined the MdBam5 promoter and activated the MdBam5 expression, which may promote the starch degradation in apples. Therefore, it was concluded that MdWRKY32 may be involved in the regulation of starch−sugar metabolism in postharvest apples by activating the MdBam5 expression.

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“…Such observation is typical, as lower IEC results from the reduced ethylene production, being a direct effect of 1-MCP application [28]. This was observed also in other studies for Scarletspur Delicious [29] and Fuji cultivars [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Additionally, the mentioned influences stated for the TA and Streif index are supposed, in agreement with results of other studies, to result from delayed ripening. The same observations in the case of TA were indicated for Szampion [13], Gamhong [31], and Fuji cultivars [30]. In the case of the Streif index, the observed association is not surprising, as this factor is a typical indicator of fruit maturity [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Analysis of Possibility to Apply Preharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Treatment to Delay Harvesting of Red Jonaprince Apples

et al. 2020

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The production of Red Jonaprince cultivar is increasing, but the quality of apples is still challenging. Therefore, various options may be used including 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application, as it influences ethylene receptors and blocks them, resulting in the possibility of delaying harvesting. The preharvest application of 1-MCP has not been studied so far for this cultivar but for other ones it has been successful, as it is based on the understanding of the natural apple ripening process. The study aimed to analyze the possibility of applying a 1-MCP treatment in the preharvest period for Red Jonaprince apples. The study was conducted based on a comparison of apples from two groups of Red Jonaprince apple trees (4 years) cultivated in an experimental orchard, where for one of them 1-MCP was applied in the preharvest period (HarvistaTM; 150 g per ha; 20 September—12 days before the optimum harvesting window (OHW)). For both groups, the apples were studied twice, for harvesting in the OHW (2 October) and for delayed harvesting (24 October). The harvested fruits were stored in an Ultra Low Oxygen chamber (ULO; 1.2% CO2, 1.2% O2) until May. They were analyzed before storage (preharvest) five times (20 September–24 October) and after storage (postharvest) three times (20 March–18 May). The following parameters were included: firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA). For the preharvest period, the parameters also included internal ethylene content (IEC), starch index, and Streif index. For the preharvest period, significant differences associated with the 1-MCP treatment (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for the IEC (lower results for apples treated for 4th and 5th assessment), TA (higher results), and Streif index (higher results). Meanwhile, for firmness, TSS, and starch index for the majority of measurements there were no differences (p > 0.05). For the postharvest period, significant differences associated with 1-MCP treatment (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for firmness (higher results) and TA (higher results) both for OHW and delayed harvesting. It was concluded that a preharvest 1-MCP treatment allowed delayed harvesting and reduced the quality deterioration during the ULO storage of Red Jonaprince apples.

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Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Applications of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality and Physiological Disorders of ‘Fuji’ Apples during Storage at Warm and Cold Temperatures

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Timing of Ethylene Inhibition Affects Internal Browning and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apples in Long-Term Low Oxygen Storage

Timing of Ethylene Inhibition Affects Internal Browning and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apples in Long-Term Low Oxygen Storage

Transcription Factor MdWRKY32 Participates in Starch–Sugar Metabolism by Binding to the MdBam5 Promoter in Apples During Postharvest Storage

Analysis of Possibility to Apply Preharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Treatment to Delay Harvesting of Red Jonaprince Apples

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