Timing of Ethylene Inhibition Affects Internal Browning and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apples in Long-Term Low Oxygen Storage

DeEll, Jennifer R.; Lum, Geoffrey B.; Mostofi, Younes; Lesage, Sky K.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.914441

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Browning of the flesh and the core housing represents a fruit characteristic that is directly perceived by the consumers and is, thus, of high relevance, even though internal browning disorders are not yet completely understood [29,54]. The results of this study demonstrate that Crimson Crisp apples are not prone to browning of the apple tissue and the core when stored under a controlled atmosphere.…”

Section: Samples Weight [G] Tss [mentioning

confidence: 68%

Physicochemical Attributes, Aroma Profile, and Sensory Quality of Organic Crimson Crisp Apples after Storage

Pontesegger

Rühmer²,

Siegmund

2023

Foods

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various storage conditions (i.e., storage under regular air with temperature control, controlled atmosphere storage and storage after the application of the ethylene blocker (1-MCP)) on the flavor characteristics of Crimson Crisp apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), a scab-resistant cultivar suitable for organic agriculture. Highly ripe organically-grown apples (starch degradation 9.7) were stored under different conditions and evaluated for physicochemical attributes such as fruit weight, firmness, juiciness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH value and aroma profile. The analysis of primary and secondary aroma compounds was conducted utilizing HS-SPME-GCMS and the results were integrated with sensory evaluation. Crimson Crisp apples stored under controlled atmosphere with (MCP) or without (CA) application of 1-MCP, had a higher overall quality than those stored in air (RA) after a storage period of six months. The results from sensory analysis indicated that storage with temperature control alone was not suitable for preserving the distinct properties such as crispness or juiciness of Crimson Crisp apples. However, a significant increase particularly in secondary aroma compounds in RA-stored apples was found accompanied by structural disorders of the apple tissue. While a significant decline in the volatile fraction of CA and MCP-stored apples was observed, PCA showed close correlation between the CA stored and the fresh apple samples. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the applied measures which are taken to prolong the storage time of Crimson Crisp apples, significantly impact the biochemical reactions in the fruits which are responsible for formation of flavor. These findings underscore the significance of comprehensive aroma analysis for new agricultural products and emphasize the potential for improved the quality of organic apples through carefully considered harvest and storage regimes.

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Section: Samples Weight [G] Tss [mentioning

confidence: 68%

Physicochemical Attributes, Aroma Profile, and Sensory Quality of Organic Crimson Crisp Apples after Storage

Pontesegger

Rühmer²,

Siegmund

2023

Foods

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“…However, it should be emphasized that not only postharvest treatment, but also preharvest treatment matters, while the methods applied within preharvest treatment are sometimes similar as for postharvest treatment. Such a situation is observed in the case of 1-MCP treatment, which is commonly applied within postharvest treatment of apples [10], but recently its application within preharvest treatment of apples was also tested [11], as well as the possibility of combined application within preharvest and postharvest treatment was verified [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessment of the Quality of ‘Red Jonaprince’ Apples during Storage after Delayed Harvesting and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Preharvest and Postharvest Treatment

et al. 2023

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Changing the harvesting time of apples from the optimum harvest window to delayed harvesting may be applied if it is impossible to harvest apples at the optimal time, but it requires changing other factors, as they influence the quality of fruits and shelf life. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of ‘Red Jonaprince’ apples during storage after delayed harvesting and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) preharvest and postharvest treatment for various storage times. Apples were studied within four groups subjected to preharvest and postharvest treatments, as follows: Group 0—no 1-MCP treatment; Group 1—1-MCP preharvest treatment; Group 2—1-MCP postharvest treatment; and Group 3—1-MCP preharvest and postharvest treatment. All apples were subjected to ultra-low oxygen (ULO) storage conducted for 3, 5 or 6 months, while the analyses were conducted directly after ULO storage (simulated shelf life—0 days) and after simulated shelf life (7 days). For firmness, in the case of 1-MCP applied only preharvest (Group 1) and only postharvest (Group 2), before shelf life, the longer ULO storage resulted in obtaining lower values of firmness (p < 0.0001). If 1-MCP was not applied postharvest (Group 0 and Group 1), and short ULO storage was applied (3 and 5 months for Group 0; 3 months for Group 1), after shelf-life lower values of firmness were observed (p < 0.0001). For soluble solids content (SSC), in the case of 1-MCP not applied preharvest (Group 0 and Group 2), before shelf life, and for 1-MCP applied postharvest (Group 2) after shelf life, the longer ULO storage resulted in obtaining lower values of SCC (p < 0.0001). For titratable acidity (TA), in the case of all the studied groups after shelf life, as well as in case of 1-MCP applied only preharvest (Group 1) also before shelf life, the longer ULO storage resulted in obtaining lower values of TA (p < 0.0001). Except for the 1-MCP applied only postharvest (Group 2), in the case of short ULO storage applied (3 and 5 months for Group 0; 5 months for Group 1; 5 months for Group 3), after shelf-life lower values of TA were observed (p < 0.0001). If delayed harvesting must be conducted, applying 1-MCP not only postharvest, but also preharvest, allows obtaining the most stable firmness and SSC, which do not decrease during storage and shelf life. Taking this into account, it may be concluded, that in the case of delayed harvesting, combining 1-MCP applied preharvest and postharvest should be recommended to keep the quality parameters stable during storage and shelf life.

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Impact of pre-harvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple

Sidhu,

Bound,

Hunt

et al. 2024

Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.

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The ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is widely used in the apple industry as a post-harvest fumigation application to slow down the ripening process and maintain fruit quality during storage. With the development of a sprayable formulation (Harvista™, Agrofresh Inc, USA), it is becoming increasingly common in the apple industry to apply 1-MCP as a pre-harvest spray. This study investigated the impact of pre-harvest 1-MCP applied 1 week prior to harvest as a foliar application at 11.4 L ha−1 in 1000 L water, on the quality and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apples grown in the Huon Valley, Southern Tasmania, Australia. Two trials were undertaken, trial 1 examined fruit quality, flesh browning (FB) and fruit softening in 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit while trial 2 compared the respiration rate of 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit. Despite no effect on fresh fruit quality attributes, pre-harvest spray application of 1-MCP influenced post-harvest fruit quality, storability, and respiration rate of apples. Fruit treated with 1-MCP showed higher malic acid concentration (1.2 g L−1 vs 0.9 g L−1) and lower juice pH (4.6 vs 4.9) even after 7.5 months of regular air cold-storage along with a six-fold reduction in fruit softening in comparison to untreated fruit (2% vs 13%). Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCP reduced respiration rate by 32%, and incidence of CO2 injury by over 40%. The incidence of radial type (senescent related) FB was reduced by 100%. A significant proportion of treated apples still suffered from severe CO2 injury. This study has demonstrated that pre-harvest application of 1-MCP to ‘Scilate’ fruit can be useful in maintaining long-term fruit quality during storage, reducing respiration rate, and lowering the incidence of FB in general. However, the risk of severe CO2 injury remains, especially with larger fruit harvested from trees with lighter crop loads.

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Timing of Ethylene Inhibition Affects Internal Browning and Quality of ‘Gala’ Apples in Long-Term Low Oxygen Storage

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Physicochemical Attributes, Aroma Profile, and Sensory Quality of Organic Crimson Crisp Apples after Storage

Physicochemical Attributes, Aroma Profile, and Sensory Quality of Organic Crimson Crisp Apples after Storage

Assessment of the Quality of ‘Red Jonaprince’ Apples during Storage after Delayed Harvesting and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Preharvest and Postharvest Treatment

Impact of pre-harvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple

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