Relationships between lower-limb joint kinetic parameters of sprint running and rebound jump during the support phases

Kariyama, Yasushi; Zushi, Koji

doi:10.7600/jpfsm.5.187

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Accordingly, the results of the present study suggest that unilateral stance isometric exercise is also characterized by using the co-contraction of muscles around the knee joint as well as hip abductors. This stabilization via recruitment of hip abductors and cocontraction of BF, RF and VL could be associated with running performance and change-of-direction tasks 22,24,25) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force generation and neuromuscular activity in multi-joint isometric exercises: comparison between unilateral and bilateral stance

Kuki

Yoshida

Okudaira

et al. 2018

JPFSM

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The purpose of the present study was to look at lower extremity force generation and neuromuscular activation by comparing isometric mid-thigh pull in the unilateral stance (IMTPUni) and bilateral stance (IMTPBi), and identifying the characteristics of IMTPUni. Fifteen male collegiate athletes (age: 20.60 ± 1.50 years, height: 1.74 ± 0.05 m, mass: 69.04 ± 4.23 kg) performed IMTPUni and IMTPBi as multi-joint isometric exercise. Ground reaction force (GRF) was measured to assess force generation during IMTP. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure neuromuscular activation in the gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), semitendinosus, biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL), which were represented as average rectified values (ARVs). The EMG of the muscles during IMTPUni was normalized by IMTPBi to compare relative change among muscles. The co-contraction index (CI) during IMTPUni was also calculated by using normalized EMG. As a result, IMTPBi was significantly higher in BF than IMTPUni. However, in IMTPUni, although only one leg contributed to produce force, GRF of IMTPUni reached 80% of neuromuscular activity relative to IMTPBi. While the neuromuscular activation of Gmax, Gmed, BF, RF and VL was significantly higher proportionately in IMTPUni compared to IMTPBi, neuromuscular activation was even greater in Gmax and Gmed. The co-contraction index (CI) was increased in IMTPUni. The features of neuromuscular activation during IMTPUni were similar to the single leg squat and step-up exercise examined in previous studies due to the necessity to support the body with a single leg.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force generation and neuromuscular activity in multi-joint isometric exercises: comparison between unilateral and bilateral stance

Kuki

Yoshida

Okudaira

et al. 2018

JPFSM

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“…4 The reactive strength index (RSI) is frequently used to provide an indicator of fast-SSC capabilities. 5 However, despite being extensively used to evaluate drop jump performance, there is limited research that has used RSI during continuous maximal rebound jumps [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] , with only two studies to date examining the reliability of these measures. 13,14 Lloyd, et al 14 examined the within and between session reliability of a maximal 5-rebound jump (5 max RJT) protocol in male youths and found that despite RSI having acceptable levels of test-retest reliability, the trial to trial variation (measurement error) in RSI scores was less reliable (coefficient of variation (CV): 11-21%) making it difficult to detect small but meaningful changes in RSI performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Given the potential for rebound RSI jump performance to monitor changes in ankle joint stiffness particularly in the eccentric phase 16 , the capacity to sustain high eccentric muscle activity or reactive strength 6,7 , mechanical efficiency in runners 17 and ankle joint kinetics associated with maximal velocity sprint running 8 , it is of significant interest to practitioners to establish and compare both noise (CV) and signal (SWC) in order to allow inferences to be made on the true magnitude of individual changes in reactive strength performance. 18 Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish and compare the inter-day reliability and usefulness of the 5 max RJT and 10/5 RJT test for detecting practically small but important changes in RSI in both male and female team sport athletes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interday Reliability and Usefulness of a Reactive Strength Index Derived From 2 Maximal Rebound Jump Tests

Comyns¹,

Flanagan²,

Fleming³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To examine the interday reliability and usefulness of a reactive strength index (RSI) derived from a maximal 5-rebound jump test (5max RJT) and a maximal 10-rebound jump test (10/5 RJT). Methods: Twenty male field-sport athletes (24.5 [3.0] y, 1.78 [0.1] m, 84.9 [5.2] kg) and 15 female participants (21.1 [0.9] y, 1.65 [0.73] m, 62.0 [5.1] kg) performed 2 maximal repetitions of the 5max RJT and the 10/5 RJT on 2 testing days after a specific warm-up. A 1-wk period separated testing days, and these sessions were preceded by a familiarization session. RSI was calculated by dividing jump height (in meters) by contact time (in seconds). The 5max RJT and the 10/5 RJT trial with the highest RSI on each testing day were used for reliability and usefulness analysis. Results: Both tests were deemed reliable for determining RSI for male, female, and pooled male and female cohorts, as the intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥.80 and the coefficient of variation was ≤10%. Only the 5max RJT was rated as “good” at detecting the smallest worthwhile change in performance for female athletes (smallest worthwhile change: 0.10 > typical error: 0.07). The 5max RJT for men and the 10/5 RJT for men and women were rated “good” in detecting a moderate change in performance only. Conclusions: Both tests are reliable for the determination of RSI, but the usefulness of the tests in detecting the smallest worthwhile change is questionable.

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“…High levels of force and speed are required to generate high levels of power needed for sprinting [11,28,30]. As such, mechanical output (e.g., power) of the lower-limb muscles must be enhanced [16], and developed appropriately using muscle actions that maximise force and speed [30]. For sprinting, such qualities are usually developed using exercises that involve a vigorous extension of the lower limbs, simulating the proximal-to-distal hip, knee, ankle sequencing during sprinting that allow maintenance of sprint velocity effectively [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Vertical Jump Metrics and Sprint Performance, and Qualities that Distinguish Between Faster and Slower Sprinters

Washif

Kok

2021

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationships between vertical jump metrics and phases during a 60 m sprint. The variances in strength qualities between sprinters of different ability levels were also compared. Methods Eighteen young male elite sprinters (age: 18.1 ± 1.3 years; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 66.3 ± 6.2 kg) were assessed for squat (SJ), countermovement (CMJ), drop (DJ), and standing long jumps, a maximal load back-squat, and a 60-m sprint from a block-start. The relationships between sprint performances with all variables were analysed using correlation and multiple regression while discriminative parameters between fast (100 m time: ~ 10.50 s) and slow (~ 11.00 s) sprint groups were assessed using independent t-tests. Results Higher associations existed between vertical jumps and longer sprint distances, especially between SJ height and relative peak power with 10 m (r = − 0.47 and − 0.47, respectively), 30 m (− 0.71 and − 0.74), 60 m (− 0.76 and − 0.81), 10-30 m (− 0.80 and − 0.86), and 30-60 m (− 0.78 and − 0.84) sprint distances. Concurrently, variables such as relative maximal-strength, relative SJ parameters (height, peak force, and peak power), relative CMJ peak power, and reactive strength index (DJ from 35 cm height) had significant discriminative ability and correlations (P < 0.05) with sprint distances involving maximal velocity and flying-start. Additionally, a combination of SJ height and relative maximal-strength during back-squat accounted for 75% of the variance in 60 m sprint times. Conclusions Relative measures of multiple strength metrics may provide better insight regarding factors that enhance sprint performance. Adequate maximal-strength, high explosive power, and reactive strength seem necessary to improve sprint performance in young male elite sprinters.

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Relationships between lower-limb joint kinetic parameters of sprint running and rebound jump during the support phases

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Force generation and neuromuscular activity in multi-joint isometric exercises: comparison between unilateral and bilateral stance

Force generation and neuromuscular activity in multi-joint isometric exercises: comparison between unilateral and bilateral stance

Interday Reliability and Usefulness of a Reactive Strength Index Derived From 2 Maximal Rebound Jump Tests

Relationships Between Vertical Jump Metrics and Sprint Performance, and Qualities that Distinguish Between Faster and Slower Sprinters

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