Relationships Between Vertical Jump Metrics and Sprint Performance, and Qualities that Distinguish Between Faster and Slower Sprinters

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationships between vertical jump metrics and phases during a 60 m sprint. The variances in strength qualities between sprinters of different ability levels were also compared. Methods Eighteen young male elite sprinters (age: 18.1 ± 1.3 years; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 66.3 ± 6.2 kg) were assessed for squat (SJ), countermovement (CMJ), drop (DJ), and standing long jumps, a maximal load back-squat, and a 60-m sprint from a block-start. The relationships between sprint performances with all variables were analysed using correlation and multiple regression while discriminative parameters between fast (100 m time: ~ 10.50 s) and slow (~ 11.00 s) sprint groups were assessed using independent t-tests. Results Higher associations existed between vertical jumps and longer sprint distances, especially between SJ height and relative peak power with 10 m (r = − 0.47 and − 0.47, respectively), 30 m (− 0.71 and − 0.74), 60 m (− 0.76 and − 0.81), 10-30 m (− 0.80 and − 0.86), and 30-60 m (− 0.78 and − 0.84) sprint distances. Concurrently, variables such as relative maximal-strength, relative SJ parameters (height, peak force, and peak power), relative CMJ peak power, and reactive strength index (DJ from 35 cm height) had significant discriminative ability and correlations (P < 0.05) with sprint distances involving maximal velocity and flying-start. Additionally, a combination of SJ height and relative maximal-strength during back-squat accounted for 75% of the variance in 60 m sprint times. Conclusions Relative measures of multiple strength metrics may provide better insight regarding factors that enhance sprint performance. Adequate maximal-strength, high explosive power, and reactive strength seem necessary to improve sprint performance in young male elite sprinters.

The Relationship Between Jumping and Sprinting Performance in Teenage Sprinters

“…In previous study, Nagahara et al and Washif et al found SJH is related to 60m sprint time (r=-0.55; r=0.65). 10,19 Other studies have reported moderate relationships between Vmax and SJ (r = 0.56 to 0.64). 5,[14][15][16][17] These data are in partial agreement with our study.…”

“…Some research stated SJ height (SJH) and sprint acceleration performance were found to be related. 1,[10][11][12][13][14] And drop jump height (DJH) was reported by researches to have positive relationship with maximal velocity (Vmax) in sprinters. 5,14,15 Yet, other studies have reported significant relationships between Vmax and SJ.…”

Relação Entre O Desempenho De Salto E Sprint Em Velocistas Adolescentes

“…Por outro lado, o SJmáx foi correlacionado com 60 m, mas foi maior nos 50 m, e DJ120 m foi correlacionado com 50 m. Em estudo anterior, Nagahara et al e Washif et al encontraram que a altura do SJ está relacionada com o tempo de sprint de 60 m (r = -0,55; r = 0,65). 10,19 Outros estudos relataram relações moderadas entre Vmáx e SJ (r = 0,56 a 0,64). 5,[14][15][16][17] Esses dados concordam parcialmente com nosso estudo.…”

“…6 O squat jump compreende apenas força dinâmica e explosiva com fase concêntrica e pode ser relacionado com a aceleração inicial como a parte de 5 m. Os achados atuais estão de acordo com os relatados entre desempenho de aceleração de sprint e habilidade no SJ com a faixa de correlações (r = 0,22 -0,86). 1,[10][11][12][13][14] Também foi encontrada relação significativa entre SJ e sprint de 7 a 18 m em velocistas do sexo masculino. 19 No DJ, a altura foi significativamente correlacionada com 5 m. Katja e Coh 14 relataram que altura do DJ foi correlacionada com a Vmáx da corrida de sprint de 20 m. Consequentemente, os resultados do presente estudo estão de acordo com um estudo anterior quanto à relação entre fase de aceleração e habilidade no salto bilateral.…”

“…Algumas pesquisas afirmaram que a altura do SJ e o desempenho da aceleração do sprint estavam relacionados. 1,[10][11][12][13][14] Os pesquisadores relataram que a altura do drop jump tem relação positiva com a velocidade máxima (Vmáx) dos velocistas. 5,14,15 Contudo, outros estudos relataram relações significativas entre Vmáx e SJ.…”