Relationships between cytology, bacteriology and vaginal discharge scores and reproductive performance in dairy cattle

McDougall, S; Hussein, Hassan; Aberdein, Danielle; Buckle, Kelly; Roche, J.R.; Burke, C.R.; Mitchell, Murray D.; Meier, S.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.024

Cited by 99 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Only a few studies investigated bacterial populations present in the uterus of cows with SCE (Lazzari et al, 2011;McDougall et al, 2011;Madoz et al, 2014) and in general, low level of agreement was observed between the presence of intrauterine pathogens and cytological endometritis. The negative effects of SCE on fertility are believed to be more the consequence of uterine inflammation rather than of uterine bacterial infection (Green et al, 2009;Burke et al, 2010;McDougall et al, 2011).…”

Section: Uterine Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

Fuentes¹,

Arias²,

González³

et al. 2017

Anim Reprod

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The objectives of this study were to determine: a) the agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, uterine biopsy and presence of intrauterine fluid in apparently normal genital tracts collected from culled dairy cows; b) the agreement between results obtained from paired uterine horns using the different diagnosis methods; and c) the microorganisms isolated from uteri with cytological endometritis. One hundred grossly normal genital tracts from Holstein cows were collected at a local slaughterhouse. Samples for cytology, histopathology and bacteriology were obtained from both uterine horns, and presence of any intrauterine content was determined after opening the tracts. Cut-off values used for positive cytology were ≥5% PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophils). Data were analyzed by ROC curve analysis, Cohen's Kappa method and Chi-square tests. Presence of inflammatory infiltrate and its endometrial distribution were the only histological parameters significantly correlated with cytology results (AUC: 0.780 and 0.694, respectively). Agreement between histology and cytology was moderately high for presence of infiltrate (kappa = 0.55) and low for infiltrate distribution (kappa = 0.33). Other histological parameters (status of endometrial epithelium, endometrial glands or fibrosis), intrauterine content or bacteriology were not correlated with cytology. Presence of intrauterine content was significantly (P = 0.036) related with biopsy results. Moderately high agreement was observed between paired uterine horns for cytology (kappa = 0.65) and biopsy (kappa = 0.74). Bacteriology was not related with cytology or biopsy, but different bacteria were isolated from cytology negative or positive uteri. It was concluded that endometrial cytology, although less sensitive than biopsy, is a useful tool for diagnosing subclinical endometrial inflammation.

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Section: Uterine Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

Fuentes¹,

Arias²,

González³

et al. 2017

Anim Reprod

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“…The lavage technique/method, although more time and labour-consuming, is of a lower invasiveness. "Cytobrush" (McDougall et al, 2011;Melcher et al, 2014) is Herudzińska, M., Kierbić, A., Kmiecik, J., Gehrke, M., Jaśkowski, J. M. (2016). The usage of insemination casing in collecting the cytological material from the cow's uterus in order to reduce the method's invasiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usage of insemination casing in collecting the cytological material from the cow’s uterus in order to reduce the method’s invasiveness

Herudzińska¹,

Kierbić²,

Kmiecik³

et al. 2016

Nauka Przyr. Technol.

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SummaryBackground. Diseases of the uterus are one of the main factors limiting cow's fertility. The subclinical endometritis (endometritis subclinica) is a particular problem among different forms of post-partal metritis in this species because of its complicated diagnosing. In order to enhance the efficiency of uterus diseases diagnostics, different methods (such as cytology) are being applied. However, taking material for cytological examination is invasive and poses the risk of damage, especially while moving the brush inwards through the cervical canal. The purpose of our study was to test the invasiveness of the method in which commonly applied, sharp-edge cytological brushes are used compared with the invasiveness of the modified method in which the edge of the brush is round (covered with an insemination cover). Material and methods. Material for the cytological examination was taken using both of the quoted methods from 60 cows which were proven to be free from endometritis. The cytological material was transferred to glass slides through rolling. The smears were fixed with Cytofix, stained with RapidHem and closely examined. The average erythrocyte and epithelial cell count in 50 fields of view at 100X magnification as well as the percentage of desquamated epithelial fragments (10 cells or more) were specified. The evaluation was conducted in three swab zones corresponding with the peak of the brush (zone I), its middle section (zone II) and its basal part (zone III). Results and conclusions. A comparison of the results of the cytological examination using both methods (sharp-edge and insemination cover) indicated that the number of erythrocytes and the percentage of desquamated epithelial fragments in zone I is an accurate way of determining the invasiveness of the procedure. While using the insemination cover does not entirely eliminate trauma to the epithelium of the cervix, it does reduce the amount of desquamated epithelial fragHerudzińska, M., Kierbić, A., Kmiecik, J., Gehrke, M., Jaśkowski, J. M. (2016). The usage of insemination casing in collecting the cytological material from the cow's uterus in order to reduce the method's invasiveness. Nauka Przyr. Technol., 10, 4, #55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/J. NPT.2016.4.55 2 ments. Therefore, it is less invasive. The low erythrocyte count in smears collected with the use of a brush covered with an insemination cover indicates that this type of safety measure ensures protection from a serious trauma.

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“…Several studies, where the postpartum uterine health status was monitored with uterine cytology or biopsies, also showed that a high percentage of cows (70-80%) with mild or subclinical endometritis, whatever the organisms, self-resolved the infection by 6-8 weeks postpartum (Griffin et al 1974;Mateus et al 2002;Gautam et al 2010;Green et al 2011). On the other hand, the isolation of a significant pathogen, such as T. pyogenes, at 42 DPP has been shown to negatively affect the final pregnancy rate (McDougall et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A metaanalysis of 23 studies on the effect of diseases on dairy cattle reproduction found that endometritis was associated with a 20% decrease in conception to first service and an increase of 19 days to conception (Fourichon et al 2000). It is also reported that cows with prolonged sub-clinical uterine infection (cytological definition of .10% PMN among nucleated cells at both 28 DPP and 42 DPP) have lower pregnancy rates and take longer to conceive than cows in lower percentage PMN categories (McDougall et al 2011). As yet, the precise association between bacteria in the uterus and endometrial inflammation is not well understood and uterine inflammation may be present in cows with no bacteria isolated (Sheldon et al 2009;LeBlanc et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pathogenic bacteria species present in the postpartum bovine uterus on proteome profiles

Ledgard

Smolenski

et al. 2015

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. In the first 2-3 weeks after parturition .90% of dairy cows will have some form of uterine infection. Uterine contamination with pathogens, such as Trueperella (formerly Arcanobacterium) pyogenes increases the risk of developing more severe endometritis, which can reduce conception rates. In this study, we compared the uterine proteome of cows infected with Trueperella pyogenes with that of uninfected cows, using 2D gel electrophoresis, and identified annexins A1 and A2 (ANXA1 and ANXA2), apolipoprotein A-1, calprotectin (S100A9), cathelicidin, enolase 1 (ENO1), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), serine dehydratase (SDS) and serine protease inhibitors (SERPIN) B1, B3 and B4 proteins as differing in abundance in endometritis. Subsequently, levels of ten of these proteins were monitored in uterine samples collected from a herd of lactating, dairy cows at 15 and 42 days postpartum (DPP). The levels were compared with the cytology scores of the samples and the bacterial species isolated from the uterus. Cathelicidin, PGLYRP1, SERPINB1 and S100A9 levels at 15DPP showed strong positive correlations (r ¼ 0.78, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.68 respectively; P , 0.001) with % of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). When compared with other bacterial pathogens identified, Streptococcus agalactiae and Truperella pyogenes induced increased expression of the indicator proteins, suggesting that these organisms may adversely affect the subsequent ability of the cow to conceive. Interestingly, there was no difference in the proportion of cows pregnant at 6 and 17 weeks after start of mating between the cows with high or low %PMN.

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Relationships between cytology, bacteriology and vaginal discharge scores and reproductive performance in dairy cattle

Cited by 99 publications

References 34 publications

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

The usage of insemination casing in collecting the cytological material from the cow’s uterus in order to reduce the method’s invasiveness

Influence of pathogenic bacteria species present in the postpartum bovine uterus on proteome profiles

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