Relationships between aggressive behavior in cognitively impaired nursing home residents and use of restraints, psychoactive drugs, and secured units

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in older residents in long-term care facilities in Japan: a cross-sectional study

“…Factors associated with overall BPSD or individual symptoms in BPSD have been reported, for example, sex (Steinberg et al, 2006;Zuidema, de Jonghe, Verhey, & Koopmans, 2009), age, APOE status, underlying cause of dementia, health status (Steinberg et al, 2006), severity of dementia (Steinberg et al, 2006;Zuidema et al, 2009), and psychotropic drug use (Ryden et al, 1999;Selbaek et al, 2007). We did not observe any association between sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, and marital status, or the level of LTC need with the prevalence of BPSD.…”

“…Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the presence of at least one BPSD. The variables, considered to be BPSD-associated factors in previous studies (Ryden et al, 1999;Steinberg et al, 2006) or found in the above-mentioned univariate analyses, included sex, age group, level of LTC need, underlying cause of dementia, psychotropic drug use, ADL, cognitive function, close friends among residents, poor relationships with residents, communication with other residents, and persistent requests in daily life. The five levels of LTC need were re-classified to three levels to give even numbers in each group and facilitate analyses.…”

Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a large sample of Dutch nursing home patients with dementia

“…Moreover, no national data are available on the distribution of dementia stage and the use of psychoactive medication, which are both known to affect the neuropsychiatric symptom rates. (Chen et al, 2000;Lopez et al, 2003;Ryden et al, 1999). Consequently, there may be unknown differences between the distribution of the dementia stage and/ psychoactive medication use in our study cohort and demented patients in SCUs in other parts of The Netherlands, thereby making extrapolation to the Dutch national nursing home situation difficult.…”

Preventing belt restraint use in newly admitted residents in nursing homes: A quasi-experimental study

“…Several studies demonstrated that in almost all cases, physical restraints are used as safety measures (Capezuti, 2004;Hamers et al, 2004;Werner, 2002), mainly to prevent falls (more than 90%) (Capezuti, 2004;Hamers et al, 2004;Werner and Mendelsson, 2001). Other uses include the prevention of wandering, the control of restless and aggressive behaviour and maintenance of a resident's position while seated in a chair (Capezuti, 2004;Castle et al, 1997;Gallinagh et al, 2002;Hantikainen, 1998;Ryden et al, 1999). In nursing homes physical restraints in most cases are used for more than three months and as a routine measure (Hamers et al, 2004).…”