Relationships among Brain Metabolites, Cognitive Function, and Viral Loads in Antiretroviral-Naı̈ve HIV Patients

Chang, Linda; Ernst, Thomas; Witt, Mallory D.; Ames, Nina; Gaiefsky, Megan E.; Miller, Eric N.

doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1254

Cited by 184 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The specificity of genu relations in the HIV group is compatible with an earlier report by Chang et al (2002) showing that deficits in HIV patients on a Stroop task were associated with markers of glial proliferation, specifically, elevated myo-inositol and choline compounds in the frontal white matter. In other recent studies, HIV patients exhibited diffusion abnormalities in the genu that were associated with deficits in executive functions (Thurnher et al 2005) and in the splenium that were associated with dementia severity and motor slowing (Wu et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…One possible mechanism of callosal axonal damage was identified in a non-human primate model of HIV; Macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) showed compromised performance on a bimanual motor task, the extent of which was associated with the accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein in the corpus callosum (Weed et al 2003). Although others also reported a relationship between Stroop performance and frontal white matter in HIV (Chang et al 2002), correlations between genu integrity measures (FA, MD) and Stroop-nonmatch performance in both HIV groups were moderate and require replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Callosal Compromise Differentially Affects Conflict Processing and Attentional Allocation in Alcoholism, HIV, and Their Comorbidity

Schulte

Müller‐Oehring

Javitz

et al. 2007

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Diffusion tensor imaging was used to study the combined effects of HIV-infection and alcoholism (ALC) on corpus callosum (CC) integrity in relation to processes of attentional allocation and conflict resolution assessed by a novel Stroop Match-to-Sample task. We tested 16 ALC, 19 HIV, 20 subjects with combined disorder and 17 controls. In ALC, low fractional anisotropy and high mean diffusivity throughout the CC correlated with poor Stroop-match performance, i.e., when the cue-color matched the color of the Stroop stimulus. By contrast, in the two HIV groups DTI relations were restricted to the genu and poor Stroop-nonmatch performance, i.e., when the cue-color was in conflict with the Stroop stimulus color. These results suggest that disruption of callosal integrity in HIV-infection and alcoholism differentially affects regionally-selective interhemispheric-dependent attentional processing. We speculate that callosal degradation in these diseases curtails the opportunity for collaboration between the two hemispheres that contributes to normal performance in HIV or alcoholic patients with higher callosal integrity. KeywordsDiffusion tensor imaging; HIV infection; Alcoholism; Stroop; Selective attention; Corpus callosum A frequent comorbidity in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is alcohol use disorder (Justice et al. 2006;Lefevre et al. 1995;Meyerhoff 2001;Molina et al. 2006;Winsauer et al. 2002). Each disorder exerts adversive effects on cognitive function and brain structure, some different and some overlapping. Although both disorders affect attention, each can selectively disrupt different component processes of this NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptBrain Imaging Behav. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 April 8. Published in final edited form as:Brain Imaging Behav. 2008 ; 2(1): 27-38. doi:10.1007/s11682-007-9014-z. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript complex cognitive process. Chronic alcoholism adversely disrupts executive control mechanisms relying on prefrontal and parietal attentional brain systems (Nixon et al. 1988;Sullivan et al. 2000;Tapert et al. 2001). Lack of executive function control over attentional systems has also been reported in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Chao et al. 2004;Hinkin et al. 1999;McArthur 2004;Sahakian et al. 1995).The Stroop Color Word Test (Stroop 1935) is a widely used paradigm to study selective attentional processes that require conflict resolution and response inhibition between competing stimulus attributes (Bush et al. 2003;Carter et al. 1999;Fan et al. 2003;MacDonald et al. 2000;Salo et al. 2001). The Stroop phenomenon describes slower responses when subjects are asked to name the ink color of a word printed in a color incongruent with the word's meaning (e.g., the word "red" written in blue ink) relative to when the word's meaning and ink color are the same (e.g., the word "red" written in red ink). When the relevant color-attribute and the irrelevant word-...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Callosal Compromise Differentially Affects Conflict Processing and Attentional Allocation in Alcoholism, HIV, and Their Comorbidity

Schulte

Müller‐Oehring

Javitz

et al. 2007

Brain Imaging and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Paradoxically, subsequent MRS studies conversely found no correlation between treatment and improvement in CNS metabolite markers [72][73][74]. These disparate findings emphasize the weakness of a single voxel MRS approach in studies aimed at understanding the complex interplay of HIV, treatment, and the CNS, which is known to diversely affect differing regions of the brain at various stages of infection.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 95%

The Role of Medical Imaging in Defining CNS Abnormalities Associated with HIV-Infection and Opportunistic Infections

et al. 2011

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Summary:In this review of the current literature, we examine the role of medical imaging in providing new and relevant information on central nervous system (CNS) injury associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and various clinical manifestations of this injury. Common imaging modalities used to examine CNS injury in HIV infection include structural magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and positron emissions tomography. Clinical implications for the findings are discussed for each of these modalities individually and collectively. In addition, the direction for future studies is suggested in an attempt to provide possible methods that might answer the many questions that remain to be answered on the evolution and progression of CNS injury in the context of HIV infection.

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“…N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho)-containing compounds are measured to reflect neuronal damage and inflammation that are reported to be altered in HIV infection. 9 A reduction in the neuronal marker NAA has been correlated with the presence of dementia in HIVinfected individuals and with the clinical severity of this dementia. 10 Elevated levels of both mI and Cho, representing neuroinflammation, have been reported in neurologically symptomatic patients with HIV infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of two post-processing analysis methods to quantify cerebral metabolites measuredviaproton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in HIV disease

Scott¹,

Underwood²,

Garvey³

et al. 2016

BJR

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Objective: Non-invasive biomarkers to monitor cerebral function in treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease are required. Cerebral metabolite ratios (CMRs) measured by proton-MR spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) are a potential biomarker. Here, we compare two postprocessing software packages to quantify CMRs. Methods: Cerebral 1 H-MRS data from 11 HIV-positive subjects before and after antiretroviral therapy intensification with maraviroc were quantified using a java-based version of the MR user interface package (jMRUI) and the totally automatic robust quantitation in nuclear MR (TARQUIN). 1 H-MRS data included N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho) and myo-inositol (mI) from three cerebral locations. Differences in quantification and clinical associations of CMRs measured by the two packages were evaluated. Results: Mean CMRs were generally lower when measured by TARQUIN than by jMRUI (NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, mI/ Cr ratios of 1.78, 0.83, 0.81 for jMRUI, and 1.27, 0.25, 0.81 for TARQUIN). Longitudinal changes were observed in CMRs in the basal ganglia voxel although these changes were not statistically significant [17.1% (p 5 0.18), 10.0% (p 5 0.91) and 26.6% (p 5 0.61) and 114.8% (p 5 0.18), 1 17.9% (p 5 0.07) and 134.8% (p 5 0.17) for NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and mI/Cr ratios measured by TARQUIN and jMRUI, respectively]. Plasma maraviroc concentration was associated with a decrease in mI/Cr ratio measured via TARQUIN (p 5 0.049). Conclusion: Although CMRs differed when quantified by jMRUI vs TARQUIN, these differences were consistently observed across three cerebral locations, and clinical associations were evident by both methods. Advances in knowledge: TARQUIN and jMRUI are viable options to use in the post-processing of cerebral MRS data acquired in HIV disease.

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Relationships among Brain Metabolites, Cognitive Function, and Viral Loads in Antiretroviral-Naı̈ve HIV Patients

Cited by 184 publications

References 43 publications

Callosal Compromise Differentially Affects Conflict Processing and Attentional Allocation in Alcoholism, HIV, and Their Comorbidity

Callosal Compromise Differentially Affects Conflict Processing and Attentional Allocation in Alcoholism, HIV, and Their Comorbidity

The Role of Medical Imaging in Defining CNS Abnormalities Associated with HIV-Infection and Opportunistic Infections

A comparison of two post-processing analysis methods to quantify cerebral metabolites measuredviaproton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in HIV disease

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