Relationship of visceral adipose tissue and glucose disposal is independent of sex in black NIDDM subjects

Banerji, Mary Ann; Lebowitz, J.; Chaiken, Rochelle L; Gordon, David; Kral, John G.; Lebovitz, Harold E.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.2.e425

Cited by 93 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The observation of mild insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, elevated plasma TAG and LDL3, and lower HDL-C supports previous reports of migrant Indians presenting with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. 1,13,15,17,18,38 Our report of comparable central adiposity in the two ethnic groups, although not consistently observed, has also been reported by others using indirect measures of central adiposity. 15,18 Body fat accumulation, especially that in the abdominal region, was positively associated with hyperinsulinaemia and all surrogate measures of insulin resistance and negatively associated with measures of insulin sensitivity in both the Caucasian and Sikh men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…8,10 Therefore, it is unlikely that obesity per se is a viable explanation for the high prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia, although epidemiological data suggest that there may be a clearer association between central body fat, especially visceral fat, and insulin resistance, diabetes and CHD. 17 This relationship has been investigated by a small number of groups, but they have produced conflicting findings on the relationship between type II diabetes and a measure of central fat (waist:hip ratio). 8,10 Overall, the available data suggest that symptoms of the metabolic syndrome occur at a lower BMI in Indian Asians than in other population groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the positive statistical associations between measures of total and regional adiposity and measures of glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism reported in Caucasian men, are also observed in UK Sikhs. DESIGN: A matched cross-sectional study in which each volunteer provided a blood sample after a 12-h overnight fast and had anthropometric measurements taken. SUBJECTS: A total of 55 healthy Caucasian and 55 healthy UK Sikh men were recruited. The Caucasian and Sikh men were matched for age (48.7710.9 and 48.3710.0 y, respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (26.172.8 and 26.373.2 kg/m 2 , respectively). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measurements were performed to assess total and regional fat depots. The concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and small dense LDL (LDL3), TAG, glucose, fasting insulin (ins) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were analysed in fasted plasma. Surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (RQUICKI) were calculated from insulin and glucose (HOMA-IR) and insulin, glucose and NEFA (RQUICKI) measurements. RESULTS: The Sikh men had significantly higher body fat, with the sum of the four skinfold measurements (Ssk) (P ¼ 0.0001) and subscapular skinfold value (P ¼ 0.009) higher compared with the Caucasian men. The Sikh volunteers also had characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: lower HDL-C (P ¼ 0.07), higher TAG (P ¼ 0.004), higher % LDL3 (P ¼ 0.0001) and insulin resistance (P ¼ 0.05 ). Both ethnic groups demonstrated positive correlations between insulin and waist circumference (Caucasian: r ¼ 0.661, P ¼ 0.0001; Sikh: r ¼ 0.477, P ¼ 0.0001). The Caucasian men also demonstrated significant positive correlations between central adiposity (r ¼ 0.275, P ¼ 0.04), other measures of adiposity (BMI and suprailiac skinfold) and plasma TAG, whereas the Sikh men showed no correlation for central adiposity (r ¼ 0.019, ns) and TAG with a trend to a negative relationship between other measures (Ssk and suprailiac) which reached near significance for subscapular skinfold and TAG (r ¼ À0.246, P ¼ 0.007). The expected positive association between insulin and TAG was observed in the Caucasian men (r ¼ 0.318, P ¼ 0.04) but not in the Sikh men (r ¼ 0.011, ns). CONCLUSIONS: In the Caucasian men, the expected positive association between plasma TAG and centralized body fat was observed. However, a lack of association between centralized, or any other measure of adiposity, and plasma TAG was observed in the matched Sikh men, although both ethnic groups showed the positive association between centralized body fat and insulin resistance, which was less strong for Sikhs. These findings in the Sikh men were not consistent with the hypothesis that there is a clear causal relationship between body fat and its distribution, insulin resistance, and lipid abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome, in this ethnic group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

et al. 2003

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“…31 Asian Indians have relatively higher truncal and abdominal fat mass as compared to Caucasians and black population despite similar or less average value of waist circumference. 8 Banerji et al 32 showed that visceral adipose tissue mass of Asian Indians was identical to African- 33 Finally, truncal subcutaneous fat was significantly higher in Asian Indians having lower waist circumference than white Caucasians. 34 High body fat and truncal and abdominal adiposity may result in insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors to manifest in Asian Indians at a lower value of waist circumference than white Caucasians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Waist circumference cutoff points and action levels for Asian Indians for identification of abdominal obesity

et al. 2005

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Objective: To test the validity of internationally accepted waist circumference (WC) action levels for adult Asian Indians. Design: Analysis of data from multisite cross-sectional epidemiological studies in north India. Subjects: In all, 2050 adult subjects 418 years of age (883 male and 1167 female subjects). Measurements: Body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, blood pressure, and fasting samples for blood glucose, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results: In male subjects, a WC cutoff point of 78 cm (sensitivity 74.3%, specificity 68.0%), and in female subjects, a cutoff point of 72 cm (sensitivity 68.7%, specificity 71.8%) were appropriate in identifying those with at least one cardiovascular risk factor and for identifying those with a BMI 421 kg/m 2 . WC levels of X90 and X80 cm for men and women, respectively, identified high odds ratio for cardiovascular risk factor(s) and BMI level of X25 kg/m 2 . The current internationally accepted WC cutoff points (102 cm in men and 88 cm in women) showed lower sensitivity and lower correct classification as compared to the WC cutoff points generated in the present study. Conclusion: We propose the following WC action levels for adult Asian Indians: action level 1: men, X78 cm, women, X72 cm; and action level 2: men, X90 cm, women, X80 cm.

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“…44 Moreover, a recent report noted that olanzapine therapy in patients with first episode schizophrenia causes an increase in central body fat deposition that is associated with raised triglyceride and insulin levels. 45 Because this type of weight gain is often coupled with insulin resistance, 46 it is a significant long-term health issue. Taken together, these results suggest that drug choice may have a considerable impact on patient weight and health.…”

Section: Weight Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects: insights from receptor-binding profiles

2007

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Atypical antipsychotic drugs offer several notable benefits over typical antipsychotics, including greater improvement in negative symptoms, cognitive function, prevention of deterioration, and quality of life, and fewer extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). However, concerns about EPS have been replaced by concerns about other side effects, such as weight gain, glucose dysregulation and dyslipidemia. These side effects are associated with potential long-term cardiovascular health risks, decreased medication adherence, and may eventually lead to clinical deterioration. Despite a greater understanding of the biochemical effects of these drugs in recent years, the pharmacological mechanisms underlying their various therapeutic properties and related side effects remain unclear. Besides dopamine D 2 receptor antagonism, a characteristic feature of all atypical antipsychotic drugs, these agents also bind to a range of non-dopaminergic targets, including serotonin, glutamate, histamine, a-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. This review examines the potential contribution of different receptors to metabolic side effects associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment for all seven agents currently marketed in the United States (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, paliperidone and clozapine) and another agent (bifeprunox) in clinical development at the time of this publication.

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Relationship of visceral adipose tissue and glucose disposal is independent of sex in black NIDDM subjects

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

Waist circumference cutoff points and action levels for Asian Indians for identification of abdominal obesity

Atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects: insights from receptor-binding profiles

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