Relationship of Ethnic Identity and Spiritual Development: An Exploratory Study

Abstract

ncreased recognition of the rapidly changing demographic landscape in the United States has stimulated research in the area of ethnic identity

Perbandingan Tingkat Spiritualitas Remaja Berdasarkan Gender dan Jurusan

“…Selanjutnya muncul pengakuan bahwa Allah lebih dekat dengan dirinya sendiri, dan (7) Kesadaran ini kemudian memunculkan pengakuan rasa komitmen dalam diri remaja terhadap sang khalik. Chae et al (2004) Identitas suku dan perkembangan spiritual merupakan faktor internal yang memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap tata cara spiritual individu. Fowler (1981), Oser, Scarlett, &Bucher (2006) memandang spiritualitas merupakan proses perkembangan yang terjadi sepanjang hidup, dan terus akan bersifat maju.…”

Identity and Spirituality: Conventional and Transpersonal Perspectives

“…In the case of the former, research indicates that different ethnic groups, most notably African Americans, appear to consider spirituality a more central part of their self-concepts and ethnic identities than White Americans (Chae, Kelly, Brown, & Bolden, 2004;Markstrom, 1999;Zinder, 2007). With regard to adolescents, evidence suggests that spirituality, religion, and ethnicity hold a fair degree of import to their sense of identity, and that this in turn appears to be related to a variety of positive outcomes (Juang & Syed, 2008).…”

“…The actual variables mentioned in Figure 1 are included based upon both theoretical and empirical considerations. For instance, with regards to moderators, research suggests that spirituality may manifest itself differently as a function of age and ethnicity (Chae, Kelly, Brown, & Bolden, 2004;Heintz & Baruss, 2001;Zinder, 2007). In terms of mediators, locus of control is mentioned because the extent to which a person feels that they are in control of their behavior and their sense of self may be seen as being a central component in their evaluation of self-efficacy.…”

“…As a part of this swelling interest, attention to the relation of spirituality to identity and identify formation has also seen somewhat of a rise (e.g., Chae, Kelly, Brown, & Bolden, 2004;Cooney, 2006;Goldstein, 2006;Juang & Syed, 2008;Kiesling, Sorell, Montegomery, & Colwell, 2006;Lerner, Roeser, & Phelps, 2008;Poll & Smith, 2003;Poll, 2003;Templeton & Eccles, 2006;Tummala-Narra, 2009;Zinder, 2007).…”

A Sense of Home: The Impact of Church Participation on African American College Students

“…As frequently cited in the literature, scholars have yet to agree on clear-cut definitions for religion and spirituality (Bryant, 2007;Chae et al, 2004;Love, 2001;Mattis, 2000;Muller & Dennis, 2007;Niñ o, 2000;Parks, 2000;Sanchez & Carter, 2005;Sciarra & Gushue, 2003;Tisdell, 2007Tisdell, , 2008Walker & Dixon, 2002). Generally, the literature tends to define religion as a system of doctrine or dogma 80 S. Donahoo and R. A. Caffey that provides principles, rules, rituals, and practices that help people to identify and establish connections between their lives and God or some other higher power (Bryant, 2007;Love, 2001;Muller & Dennis, 2007;Parks, 2000;Tisdell, 2007Tisdell, , 2008.…”