Relationship between Toluene Concentration, Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level and Health Complaints in Workers of Surabaya Printing Industry

Abstract

Introduction: Toluene is one of the chemical compounds used in the production process in the printing industry. Exposure toluene that exceeds the threshold value continuously can result in increased levels of malondialdehyde and the possibility of experiencing various health complaints. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between toluene concentrations, malondialdehyde levels and health complaints in workers at X Surabaya printing.Methods: This research is observational with quantitative approach and cross sectional design. The study was conducted on workers in X Surabaya printing. The number of respondents in this study were 19 people. The variables studied were toluene concentration, malondialdehyde levels, and health complaints. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Result:The average concentration of toluene was 1.2311 ppm and the average concentration of malondialdehyde was 8,323 MU. Pearson correlation test results showed the relationship of toluene concentration with malondialdehyde obtained p value = 0.508 (p> 0.05). While the results of health complaints that were most experienced were coughing (74%), headaches (63%) and shortness of breath (26%). Conclusion:There is no significant relationship between toluene concentration and malondialdehyde level. While the most commonly experienced health complaints are coughing, headaches, and shortness of breath.

Nigella Sativa Supplementations Attenuate Recognition Memory and Cellular Morphometric Impairments Induced by Toluene Administration in Mice

“…In relation to human studies, memory performance of healthy employees in an automobile painting sector who were exposed to 50 ppm toluene for an extended period of time showed no variation when compared to the control group (Kantachai, Kaewkaen & Janthakhin 2020). A crosssectional examination of workers in the printing industry in Surabaya also found no significant association between toluene exposure (mean concentration of 1.23 ppm) and malondialdehyde levels despite health complaints of coughing, slight headaches, and shortness of breath experiences reported by the workers (Ayu et al 2020). Previous studies on humans and animals demonstrated similar trends that toluene has negative but insignificant effects in memory performance when exposed to environmental and occupational toluene exposure and that behavioural effects of toluene are time and dose-related.…”