Relationship between throughfall and stand density in a Pinus taeda plantation

Stogsdill, W.R.; Wittwer, Robert F.; Hennessey, Thomas; Dougherty, Phillip M.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(89)90059-5

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Regression analysis of throughfall and stemflow shows that the canopy intercepted water in a manner typical of loblolly pine [Swank et al, 1972;Stogsdill et al, 1989]. We carefully analyzed treatment sampling error for throughfall and stem-' flow to insure that the effects of any potentially critical increases or decreases in the soil water content would be accounted for if differences due to treatments did exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological components of a young loblolly pine plantation on a sandy soil with estimates of water use and loss

Abrahamson¹,

Dougherty²,

Zarnoch³

1998

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. Fertilizer and irrigation treatments were applied in a 7-to 10-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a sandy soil near Laurinburg, North Carolina. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, and soil water content were measured throughout the study period. Monthly interception losses ranged from 4 to 15% of rainfall. Stemflow ranged from 0.2 to 6.5% of rainfall. Rainfall, leaf area index (LAI), basal area (BA), and the interactions of rainfall with LAI or BA influenced prediction models of throughfall, but not stemflow, on a stand level. We found significant differences due to the effects of treatments in the soil water of the top 0.5-and 1-m soil layers by the beginning of the second growing season and throughout the remainder of the study period. Average daily water use and loss from a 1-m soil layer reflected the low water-holding capacity of the sand. Soil water in a 1-m layer was rapidly depleted to within 10% of available water during periods of little or no rainfall. Irrigation did not significantly affect productivity and created a greater potential for loss of water to drainage below 1 m. On the basis of Zahner's [1966] method of soil water depletion in a sandy soil under forest cover, total drainage to below 1 m was 55% of evapotranspiration in unirrigated plots and 150% of evapotranspiration in irrigated plots. IntroductionLoblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is a major commercial species in the southeastern United States. Water stress is one of the factors that imposes limits to forest productivity. Teskey et al. [1987] reported unexplained declines in loblolly pine productivity in the southeast and found that productivity of intensively managed loblolly pine stands is reduced by summer temperatures and droughts in the spring and fall in east central North Carolina. Swank et al. [1972] found that rainfall interception ranged from 10 to 35 % as loblolly pine stands developed unless management practices reduced stocking and tree canopy. then depend in part on the ability of the stand to acclimate to changes in water availability, especially to water deficit periods during the growing season. Understanding how the hydrological components are affected by fertilization and irrigation and how the growth induced by these treatments affects water availability in young pine stands was the objective of the hydrological component of this study. This study should also help us understand how loblolly pine responds to water deficit periods on soils with low water-holding capacities under conditions of high evaporative demand.We quantified monthly throughfall, stemflow, and soil water in a young loblolly pine stand on a sandy soil under irrigation and fertilization treatments; tested for differences between the amounts of water reaching the soil under control, irrigated, fertilized, and irrigated + fertilized treatments; and compared treatment water use and loss by the water balance method using the measured components, and Zahner's [1966] method of soil water depletion for sandy soils. Site Description ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological components of a young loblolly pine plantation on a sandy soil with estimates of water use and loss

Abrahamson¹,

Dougherty²,

Zarnoch³

1998

Water Resources Research

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“…For conifers it is primarily a function of tree size and thus LAI (Barbier et al 2009). For the early-rotation site, I was estimated using a relationship between stand basal area and total precipitation determined on similar loblolly pine stands (Stogsdill et al 1989). …”

Section: Components Of Et: Canopy Interception Soil Evaporation Pinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Three Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Two Contrasting Loblolly Pine Plantations: Age-Related Changes in Water Use and Drought Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components

Domec¹,

Sun²,

Noormets³

et al. 2012

Forest Science

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Increasing variability of rainfall patterns requires detailed understanding of the pathways of water loss from ecosystems to optimize carbon uptake and management choices. In the current study we characterized the usability of three alternative methods of different rigor for quantifying stand-level evapotranspiration (ET), partitioned ET into tree transpiration (T), understory transpiration, interception, and soil evaporation (E S ) and determined their sensitivity to drought, and evaluated the reliability of soil moisture measurements by taking into account deep soil moisture dynamic. The analyses were conducted in an early-and in a mid-rotation stand of loblolly pine, the predominant species of southern US forest plantations. The three alternative methods for estimating ET were the eddy covariance measurements of water vapor fluxes (ET EC ), the water table fluctuation (ET WT ), and the soil moisture fluctuation (ET SM ). On annual and monthly scales, the three methods agreed to within 10 -20%, whereas on a daily scale, the values of ET SM and ET EC differed by up to 50% and ET SM and ET WT differed by up to 100%. The differences between the methods were attributed to root water extraction below measurement depth and to the sampling at different spatial scales. Regardless of the method used, ET at the early-rotation site was 15-30% lower than that at the mid-rotation site. The dry years did not affect ET at the mid-rotation site but reduced significantly ET at the early-rotation site. Soil moisture trends revealed the importance of measuring water content at several depths throughout the rooting zone because less than 20% of the water is stored in the top 30 cm of soil. Annually, E S represented approximately 9 and 14% of ET EC at the mid-rotation site and the early-rotation site, respectively. At the mid-rotation site, T accounted for approximately 70% of ET EC . Canopy interception was estimated to be 5-10% of annual precipitation and 6 -13% of total ET EC . At the early-rotation site, T accounted for only 35% of ET EC . At this site, transpiration from subdominant trees and shrubs represented 40 -45% of ET EC , indicating that understory was a significant part of the water budget. We concluded that the eddy covariance method is best for estimating ET at the fine temporal scale (i.e., daily), but other soil moisture and water table-based methods were equally reliable and cost-effective for quantifying seasonal ET dynamics. FOR. SCI. 58(5):497-512.Keywords: eddy covariance, loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, sapflow, soil moisture probes, water table L OBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.) REPRESENTS ONE-HALF OF THE STANDING PINE VOLUME in the southern United States (11.7 million ha) and is by far the single most commercially important forest tree species for the region, with more than 1 billion seedlings planted annually (McKeand et al. 2003). More than 1 million ha of intensively managed loblolly pine plantations are found along the lower coastal plain in eastern North Carolina. Large areas of the North Carolina...

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“…Apart from an increase in light intensity, the direct effect of which is increased photosynthesis [56,101], thinning also produces a marked improvement in soil water availability [29,33,74,99,100,104]. This reduces the intensity and duration of summer water stress as shown by table III [13] for a 19 year old Douglas fir stand, and figure 9 for an oak stand [20,21].…”

Section: Improvement In Soil Water Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between forest stands and microclimate: Ecophysiological aspects and consequences for silviculture

2000

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-At a local scale, forest trees and stands have a marked influence on climate; thus it is possible to define microclimates. These effects depend on local climatic characteristics and stand type. All climatic parameters should be considered, but particular attention should be paid to temperature, light and water. From a silvicultural point of view knowledge of the interactions existing between microclimatic conditions and stands, in conjunction with information now available concerning tree ecophysiology make it possible to produce viable applications which are useful for silviculture during stand formation, and for applying silvicultural treatments. Whitout a doubt, taking forest cover interactions into account (climate and ecophysiological potential of species) is the basis of sustainable management in forests. Based on the current knowledge about young stands, it is possible to use existing vegetation cover, in a more or less modified form, to improve temperature conditions especially in relation to spring frost damage, and to improve water conditions for both plant uptake and plant growth for a variable period depending on the species, but for a minimum of 4 to 5 years. For clearing and thinning, the effects of microclimatic changes created by this type of forestry management, and consequently the response of trees in terms of photosynthesis and growth, are now well defined.forest stands / microclimate / ecophysiology / silviculture Résumé -Interactions entre peuplements forestiers et microclimat : aspect écophysiologique et conséquences pour la sylviculture. Les arbres et les peuplements forestiers exercent, au niveau local, des influences notables sur le climat ; on peut alors définir des microclimats. Ces influences sont dépendantes des caractéristiques du climat local et des types de peuplement. L'ensemble des paramètres climatiques sont à considérer, mais une attention particulière doit être portée à la température, à la lumière et à l'eau. Au plan sylvicole la connaissance des interactions existant entre conditions microclimatiques et peuplements, couplées aux informations maintenant disponibles concernant l'écophysiologie des arbres permettent de déboucher sur des applications fiables, utilisables par la sylviculture pour la création des peuplements et la mise en oeuvre des traitements sylvicoles. Incontestablement la prise en compte des interactions couvert forestier -climat et potentialités écophysiologiques des essences est à la base d'une gestion durable des forêts. Sur la base des connaissances actuelles et pour ce qui concerne les jeunes peuplements, il est possible d'utiliser le couvert végétal préexistant, plus ou moins modifié, pour améliorer les conditions thermiques notamment au plan des risques de dégâts de gel au printemps et pour améliorer les conditions hydriques tant pour ce qui concerne la reprise que la croissance des plants pendant une période variable selon les espèces, mais d'une durée minimale de 4 à 5 ans. Pour les dégagements et éclaircies l'effet des modifications micr...

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Relationship between throughfall and stand density in a Pinus taeda plantation

Cited by 57 publications

References 3 publications

Hydrological components of a young loblolly pine plantation on a sandy soil with estimates of water use and loss

Hydrological components of a young loblolly pine plantation on a sandy soil with estimates of water use and loss

A Comparison of Three Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Two Contrasting Loblolly Pine Plantations: Age-Related Changes in Water Use and Drought Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components

Interactions between forest stands and microclimate: Ecophysiological aspects and consequences for silviculture

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