Relationship between the Relative and Absolute Isometric Endurance of an Isolated Muscle Group

The assessment of back muscle capacity using intermittent static contractions. Part II: Validity and reliability of biomechanical correlates of muscle fatigue

“…In other words, these EMG indices are not associated to relative endurance (Tend rel ) but are highly associated to Strength. This may explain why, comparatively to Strength, lower correlations were obtained with absolute endurance (Tend abs ), knowing that strength only explain a portion of absolute endurance when blood flow is allowed to fuel the muscle (Start and Graham, 1964).…”

A submaximal test to assess back muscle capacity: Evaluation of construct validity

“…Briefly, this test involves repeated (cyclic) intermittent back extension efforts at a predefined absolute force level (absolute endurance protocol) that is applicable to all individuals (males and females, weak and strong subjects, back pain and healthy subjects). The main drawback of such an absolute endurance measurement is its partial dependency on the MVC level (Caldwell, 1961): strong subjects maintain an absolute force level longer than weak subjects, at least when moderate to high relative force levels are involved (Start and Graham, 1964;Zatsiorsky, 1995). At first glance, this measurement approach may appear inappropriate for endurance evaluation.…”

Circulatory Functions to Maintain Physical Activity of Daily Life in Elderly People

“…Concerning factors for age-related reduction in BP critical , the most provable candidate would be a decline of muscle strength or muscle mass, because previous literature (Start & Graham 1964) indicated that absolute muscle endurance was affected by muscle strength. However, Muraoka, et al, (2001) reported that no signifi cant correlation coeffi cients were found between BP critical , muscle thickness (muscle volume), and grip strength in elderly women.…”

“…Muscle endurance performance or muscle work capacity has been assessed by the force decline rate or endurance time to maintain a given relative force (Bemben, et al, 1996, Kagaya & Ikai 1971, Petrofsky & Lind, 1975, Start & Graham 1964, and no age-associated change was observed in muscular endurance if exercise performance was estimated Figure 1 Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) changes in normotensive (N) and hypertensive (H) subjects. (Mancia, et al, 2003) Data are shown as mean±SE.…”