Relationship between the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the control of combustion, hydrogen chloride level in flue gas and gas temperature in a municipal waste incinerator

Evaluation of PCDD/Fs emission from fluidized bed incinerators co-firing MSW with coal in China

“…So many studies focused on the correlation of HCl and PCDD/Fs concentration in flue gas. Takeshita et al found that lower levels of HCl resulted in PCDD/Fs concentrations reduction in the stack gases of a MSW incinerator [15]. Rigo and Chandler summarized the PCDD/Fs emission data of more than 1900 waste incinerators and suggested the majority of the data showed no relationship between PCDD/Fs and HCl leaving the combustion chamber [16].…”

Polyvinyl chloride plastics in municipal solid waste combustion. Impact upon dioxin emissions: A synthesis of views

“…As to influences of HCI (a major by-product of PVC decomposition) upon formation of dioxins, numerous investigators have produced reports of findings or of theoretical analyses. Some of these observations are noted and remarked upon in the discussions which appear above in this report In contrast to the investigation of Takeshita and co-workers [40], De Fre and co-workers [36] Other investigators have re-analyzed the data that were generated. For example.…”

“…Investigations of full-scale MSW W1E facilities operated in a stable combustion mode, have provided data which indicate that dioxin emissions from these units are largely associated with low-temperature, postcombustion formation processes [35,[37][38][39][40]. These observations lead to a conclusion that if PVC plays a role in promoting dioxin formation, it is probably an indirect role, e.g., the data cited below suggest that any dioxins formed in or on the grate bed or in the combustion chamber.…”

“…and co-workers[40] have demonstrated in experiments performed at full-scale MSW \ WTE facilities that while dioxin concentrations in flue gases that exit the combustion chamber can be dramatically suppressed by careful control of the combustion process, large increases in dioxin concentrations occur when the flue gas passes through control equipment (the facility studied was equipped with an electrostatic precipitator (EP)). A ten-fold to hundred-fold increase in dioxin concentrations was reported when the facility studied was operated under well-maintained conditions, while much higher levels of post-combustion dioxin concentrations were observed under poor combustion conditions -characterized by poor control of temperature and levels of carbon monoxide in the combustion chamber.…”

Effective Sampling System for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Flue Gas from Municipal Solid Incinerators

“…Withdrawing a gas sample using a heat-resistant probe without the condenser could roughly distinguish the distribution of PCDD/F between particulate and gaseous phase (20). As DEAE-Sephadexis alarge capacity ion exchanger, in dodecyl form it becomes a nonpolar adsorbent capable of trapping even gaseous PCDD/F in flue gas without breaking through a column of the adsorbent in the introduction of flue gas.…”