Relationship between the degree of antioxidant protection and the level of malondialdehyde in high-performance Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in peak of lactation

Abstract

Lipid peroxidation can be described as a process under which free radicals attack carbon double bonds of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Whereas the end products of this process are reactive aldehydes, such as malondialdehyde (MDA). Lipid peroxidation leads to adverse changes in the nutritional value of milk; therefore, higher degree of antioxidant protection (DAP) ensures higher stability of dairy products by effecting their high antioxidative potential. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the DAP and the level of MDA in high-performance Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in peak of lactation. Sixty-three Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were selected to the experiment according to: parity (all in the 2nd lactation), phase of lactation (peak of lactation), cytological quality of milk (somatic cell count < 150 thousand/ml) and without diagnosed metabolic diseases. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by two–way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test. After analysis of performance the cows were divided into 3 groups (twenty one cows in each group) based on milk yield and MDA concentration. The study revealed a significant effect of the lactation performance of cows on MDA levels in milk (P ≤ 0.01). The highest concentration of MDA (61.137 nM/mL) was shown in milk of cows yielding between 50.00 and 55.80 kg/day. The highest concentration of fat was found in milk in which the MDA level ranged from 48 to 86 nM/mL. Whereas, the inverse relationship was demonstrated in case of protein concentration. The highest level of protein was found in cows with MDA levels in the range of 18–28 nM/mL (P ≤ 0.01). The lowest MDA level (in the range of 18–28 nM/mL) was associated with the highest concentration of vitamin E, β-carotene, total antioxidant status (TAS) and DAP, measured in both milk and plasma. The obtained results show that lipid peroxidation leads to adverse changes in the nutritional value of milk; the highest DAP (7.89 x 10−3) was found in the cows with the lowest MDA concentration in milk.

Changes in oxidative stress parameters in healthy and diseased Holstein cows during the transition period in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

“…FFA and BHB values increased, wherease Glu values decreased in the early lactation period. Cows with higher milk production have higher MDA values in the milk [ 12 ] and may be more susceptible to lipid peroxidation owing to free radicals [ 13 , 22 ]. Therefore, the TC cows experienced NEB after parturition, and the significant positive correlation between MDA values and milk yield suggests positive relationships between the milk production, metabolism, and peripheral MDA values during the transition period.…”

The Effect of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae on the Development of Whey Protein Levels and Oxidative Stress Markers in Cows with Diagnosed Mastitis

“…In high-yielding dairy cows, oxidative stress leads to adverse changes in the nutritional value of milk and dairy products [ 20 ]. It also has a negative impact on animal health, may cause reproductive problems and many metabolic disorders [ 11 , 24 ].…”

“…The determination of di-malonic aldehyde level was established using Tecan’s NanoQuant Infinite M200 PRO (Tecan Austria GmbH, Grödig, Austria) analyzer at wavelength 532 nm according to the methodology described by Kapusta et al [ 20 ]. Mean intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for samples and standards were ≤2.4%, and mean inter-assay CVs were ≤2.7%.…”

“…Oxidative stress is a consequence of the imbalance between oxidants and the biological ability to quickly detoxify reactive intermediates or repair damage caused to body cells [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. This phenomenon is triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cells [ 21 ].…”

Papaya extract upregulates the immune and antioxidants‐related genes, and proteins expression in milk somatic cells of Friesian dairy cows

“…A previous study of Mohamed Sadek () reported that the antioxidant effect of CPE in acrylamide‐intoxicated rat reflected in marked increases in GST, CAT and GSH activities and a large decrease in the MDA levels. Kapusta Kuczynska and Puppel () found that the increased lipid peroxidation leads to adverse changes in the nutritional value of milk; the highest degree of antioxidants protection was noticed in the cows with the lowest MDA content in milk. CPE could, thereby, avert lipid peroxidation and thus the formation of MDA, and cause antioxidants capacity to increase, which improves the mammary gland immune status and milk quality.…”