Relationship between the COVID-19 Outbreak and Temperature, Humidity, and Solar Radiation Across China

Wen, Xin; Liu, Chenghan; Cao, Bangjun; Wang, Shigong; Zhong, Ruomei

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3594115

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…X. Wen, Liu, et al. (2020) and Peters et al. (2020) provided observational evidences of increased solar radiation at the surface during COVID‐19 outbreak over China and India, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Zhu

Chen

Liao

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Zhu

Chen

Liao

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Therefore, the growth of COVID-19 mortality may also be linked to the lower humidity in winter. However, the role of temperature and humidity in the propagation of COVID-19 has not been determined [9]. Thus Coronaviruses belong to the so-called "enveloped virus" families because they are surrounded a layer of oily coating known as the lipid bilayer.…”

Section: Effect Of Atmospheric Element On Covid-19 Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, it has been assumed that viruses ejected into the atmosphere experience lower inactivation rates during seasons with reduced solar activity on sun, regular with moderate epidemics occurring during the winter and tropical epidemics during the raining seasons [12][9]. UV-B radiation is a fraction of the short-wave radiation from the sun reaching the surface, with a wavelength of 290-320 nm [9]. Maximum of the medium wave ultraviolet energies contained in rays are absorbed by the Ozone layer, and less than 2% can extent to surface of the earth, which is particularly strong during the summer and afternoon hours.…”

Section: Effect Of Atmospheric Element On Covid-19 Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of human exposure to solar radiation can also regulate the level of vitamin D in the body, which can regulate invulnerability on a seasonal time scale [13]. Therefore, in temperate regions, winter solar radiation is the lowest, and vitamin D is generally scarce among the population [9]. Other studies have revealed that people with lower vitamin D levels are significantly more expected to be ill with respiratory disease [14].…”

Section: Effect Of Atmospheric Element On Covid-19 Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study Effect of Some Atmospheric Elements on COVID-19 Infections in Iraq

Hassoon

Hussain

Ibraheem

2021

MJS

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In late 2019 and in Wuhan, a new disease appears, consider as an extension of SARS-COV2 epidemic. This epidemic virus has configured a danger to global health. We studied the effect of some atmospheric elements in Iraq with a number of (COVID-19) infections. In this study daily infections in three regions of Iraq compares with (Tmax-Tmin) and (RH) observed in stations Mosul (represent north region), Baghdad and Rutba (represent middle regions), and Basra (represent south region). It's found that increasing the difference between Tmax and Tmin means more infections, except for the northern province. As for the relative humidity, it is inversely proportional to infections with the correlation coefficient R = -0.6 in Baghdad station, and in the southern province with R = -0.32, and the opposite occurs in the northern province. The results also indicate that increasing the relative humidity to more than 70% was effective in increasing the infections. Solar radiation was studied over the city of Baghdad and its effect on infections because solar radiation contains a large proportion of ultraviolet rays that killed many viruses, the study indicates an inverse relationship because most of the patients are infected in the shade and there is no clear relationship. In late 2019 and in Wuhan, a new decease appears, consider as extension of SARS-COV2 epidemic. This epidemic virus has configured a danger on the global health. We studied the effect of some atmospheric elements in Iraq with number of (COVID-19) infections. At this study daily infections in three regions of Iraq compare with (Tmax-Tmin) and (RH) observed in stations Mosul (represent north region), Baghdad and Rutba (represent middle regions) and Basra (represent south region). It's found that increasing the difference between Tmax and Tmin means more infections, except for the northern province. As for the relative humidity it is inversely proportional to infections with the correlation coefficient R = -0.6 in Baghdad station, and in the southern province with R = -0.32, and the opposite occurs in the northern province. The results also indicate that increasing the relative humidity to more than 70% was effective in increasing the infections. Solar radiation was studied over the city of Baghdad and its effect on infections because solar radiation contains a large proportion of ultraviolet rays that killed many viruses, the study indicates an inverse relationship because most of the patients are infected in the shade and there is no clear relationship.

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“…The overall impact of temperature and humidity gets confounded with other environmental factors like air pollution etc. Bherwani et al, (2020b) All 50 US states and Washington DC Average Humidity Significant positive correlation between humidity and COVID-19 mortality Li (2020) 0.25 × 0.25° grid across China Temperature, specific humidity, UV radiation (satellite derived) Temperature (0–10 °C), specific humidity (2–6 g/kg), and UV-B radiation (< 1.5 MJ m −2 d) within the specified range may contribute to higher transmission risks for COVID-19 Wen et al (2020) 30 Provincial capitals of China Ambient temperature, diurnal temperature range, absolute humidity, migration scale index Low temperature, mild diurnal temperature range and low humidity likely favor COVID-19 transmission Liu et al (2020c) USA (County-level) Satellite derived PM 2.5 (adjusted for 20 potential confounding factors) Increase of 1 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 associated with an 8% increase in the COVID-19 death rate Wu et al (2020b) 166 countries Temperature and humidity Both temperature and relative humidity negatively related to the daily cases and deaths of COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic may be partially suppressed with temperature and humidity increases.…”

Section: Interactions Of Virus-laden Nuclei With Particulate Matter Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2

Wathore

Gupta

Bherwani

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented disease burden, healthcare costs, and economic impacts worldwide. Despite several measures, SARS-CoV-2 has been extremely impactful due to its extraordinary infection potential mainly through coronavirus-borne saliva respiratory and droplet nuclei of an infected person and its considerable stability on surfaces. Although the disease has affected over 180 countries, its extent and control are significantly different across the globe, making it a strong case for exploration of its behavior and dependence across various environmental pathways and its interactions with the virus. This has spurred efforts to characterize the coronavirus and understand the factors impacting its transmission and survival such as aerosols, air quality, meteorology, chemical compositions and characteristics of particles and surfaces, which are directly or indirectly associated with coronaviruses infection spread. Nonetheless, many peer-reviewed articles have studied these aspects but mostly in isolation; a complete array of coronavirus survival and transmission from an infected individual through air- and water-borne channels and its subsequent intractions with environmental factors, surfaces, particulates and chemicals is not comprehensively explored. Particulate matter (PM) is omnipresent with variable concentrations, structures and composition, while most of the surfaces are also covered by PM of different characteristics. Learning from the earlier coronavirus studies, including SARS and MERS, an attempt has been made to understand the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside of the host body and discuss the probable air and water-borne transmission routes and its interactions with the outside environment. The present work 1) Helps appreciate the role of PM, its chemical constituents and surface characteristics and 2) Further identifies gaps in this field and suggests possible domains to work upon for better understanding of transmission and survival of this novel coronavirus.

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Relationship between the COVID-19 Outbreak and Temperature, Humidity, and Solar Radiation Across China

Cited by 5 publications

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Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Study Effect of Some Atmospheric Elements on COVID-19 Infections in Iraq

Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2

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Relationship between the COVID-19 Outbreak and Temperature, Humidity, and Solar Radiation Across China

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Enhanced PM2.5 Decreases and O3 Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Enhanced PM2.5 Decreases and O3 Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Study Effect of Some Atmospheric Elements on COVID-19 Infections in Iraq

Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2

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Product

Resources

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Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback

Enhanced PM_2.5 Decreases and O₃ Increases in China During COVID‐19 Lockdown by Aerosol‐Radiation Feedback