“…The internal factors include achievement motivation and self-concept (Awan & Noureen, 2012;Kupari & Nissinen, 2013), self-directed learning readiness and academic self-efficacy (Saeid & Eslaminejad, 2017;Kitsantas, Cheema, & Ware, 2011), self-efficacy (Apollo, 2005 andShofiah 2002), and students' attitudes towards mathematics learning (Ismail & Awang, 2009). Natural intellectual ability is another internal factor that affects mathematics achievement (Ghufron & Risnawati, 2010;Retnaningsih, 1998;and Suri, 2000), but it is far from the only factor.…”