Relationship between Smoking and Major Depression in a Japanese Workplace

Takeuchi, Toshio; Nakao, Mutsuhiro; Yano, Eiji

doi:10.1539/joh.46.489

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A previous study by Takeuchi et al 6) showed a significant association between smoking and depressive symptoms, whereas the current study failed to show such an association. The lack of adjustment for job strain in the previous study may explain the difference in these results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…The association between depressive symptoms and health behaviors, such as physical activity, sleeping, smoking, and alcohol intake has been reported [3][4][5][6][7] while the association between health behaviors and job strain has been shown in several studies [8][9][10][11][12] . High job demand has been associated with higher fat diet, less frequent physical activity and smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Associations of Health Behaviors on Depressive Symptoms among Employed Men in Japan

Wada¹,

Sakurai²,

Tsunoda³

et al. 2006

Ind Health

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Abstract:The associations between health behaviors and depressive symptoms have been demonstrated in many studies. However, job strain has also been associated with health behaviors. The aim of this study was to analyze whether health behaviors such as physical activity, sleeping, smoking and alcohol intake are associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for job strain. Workers were recruited from nine companies and factories located in east and central areas of Japan. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Psychological demand and control (decision-latitude) at work were measured with the Job Content Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent contribution of each health behavior to depressive symptoms. Among the total participants, 3,748 (22.7%) had depressive symptoms, which was defined as scoring 16 or higher on the CES-D scale. Using the multiple logistic regression analysis, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with physical activity less than once a week (adjusted relative risk [ARR]=1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.25) and daily hours of sleep of 6 h or less (ARR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.14 to 1.35). Smoking and frequency of alcohol intake were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. This study suggests some health behaviors such as physical activity or daily hours of sleep are associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for job strain.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Health Behaviors on Depressive Symptoms among Employed Men in Japan

Wada¹,

Sakurai²,

Tsunoda³

et al. 2006

Ind Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…70 Additionally, two studies reported evidence for an association between smoking status and later depression, 70,99 while two studies reported no evidence that smoking status was associated with subsequent depression. 48,108 Three studies recruited African American participants, with two studies reporting evidence that depression was associated with later smoking behavior, 54,64 one study reporting no evidence that depression was associated with subsequent smoking onset, 153 and one study reporting no evidence that smoking was associated with the onset of depression. 64 Four studies recruited both African American and Hispanic participants, with three studies reporting that depression and anxiety were associated with subsequent smoking trajectories, 43,131,156 while one study reported that smoking heaviness was associated with the onset of anxiety.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review

Fluharty

Taylor

Grabski

et al. 2016

NICTOB

841

515

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Background:Many studies report a positive association between smoking and mental illness. However, the literature remains mixed regarding the direction of this association. We therefore conducted a systematic review evaluating the association of smoking and depression and/or anxiety in longitudinal studies.Methods:Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and were included if they: (1) used human participants, (2) were longitudinal, (3) reported primary data, (4) had smoking as an exposure and depression and/or anxiety as an outcome, or (5) had depression and/or anxiety as the exposure and smoking as an outcome.Results:Outcomes from 148 studies were categorized into: smoking onset, smoking status, smoking heaviness, tobacco dependence, and smoking trajectory. The results for each category varied substantially, with evidence for positive associations in both directions (smoking to later mental health and mental health to later smoking) as well as null findings. Overall, nearly half the studies reported that baseline depression/anxiety was associated with some type of later smoking behavior, while over a third found evidence that a smoking exposure was associated with later depression/anxiety. However, there were few studies directly supporting a bidirectional model of smoking and anxiety, and very few studies reporting null results.Conclusions:The literature on the prospective association between smoking and depression and anxiety is inconsistent in terms of the direction of association most strongly supported. This suggests the need for future studies that employ different methodologies, such as Mendelian randomization (MR), which will allow us to draw stronger causal inferences.Implications:We systematically reviewed longitudinal studies on the association of different aspects of smoking behavior with depression and anxiety. The results varied considerably, with evidence for smoking both associated with subsequent depression and anxiety, and vice versa. Few studies supported a bidirectional relationship, or reported null results, and no clear patterns by gender, ethnicity, clinical status, length to follow-up, or diagnostic test. Suggesting that despite advantages of longitudinal studies, they cannot alone provide strong evidence of causality. Therefore, future studies investigating this association should employ different methods allowing for stronger causal inferences to be made, such as MR.

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“…30 The following three variables were binarized as 1 or 0: job demand (cutoff = the average score), job control (cutoff = the average score), and depression (cutoff = the upper 5th percentile for depressive mood). This cutoff for depression was not based on clinical diagnosis but rather on the estimated prevalence of major depressive episodes at the Japanese workplace (approximately 3% to 5% [31][32][33] ). In addition, we performed a sensitivity analysis by setting the upper 3rd and 10th percentiles as the cutoff points for depressive mood scoring.…”

Section: Multiple Logistic Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%