Relationship between skin collagen and bone changes during aging

For years, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal women appeared straightforward for the believers. It markedly improved climacteric changes in many organs, including the skin. However, emerging information suggested that combined HRT increased the risks of cardiovascular diseases and invasive breast cancer [1,2]. Many healthcare providers and women were soon impressed by the alarmist lay press regarding the use of these hormones. These pessimistic views were more recently challenged. Indeed, it was demonstrated that the administration of estrogens alone in hysterectomized women did not significantly increase the incidence of coronaropathies and breast cancer [3]. The bulk of recent studies also confirmed that estrogens or estroprogestins effectively suppress the climacteric syndrome and genital atrophy, while significantly decreasing the risk of osteoporotic fractures. The cardiovascular risk appears more prominent in late menopausal HRT users than in early menopause, and the risk of venous thromboembolism can be reduced strongly by using transdermal instead of oral estrogens [4]. Regarding the risk of breast cancer, the additional absolute risk of postmenopausal women using estroprogestins is only 0.08 per 100 women per year, whereas estrogens alone do not increase the risk [3,5].

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“…The changes occurring in the dermis and bone, both in the climacteric period and with HRT, apparently parallel each other [16,17].…”

Section: Hrt and The Dermismentioning

confidence: 86%

Downgrading skin climacteric aging by hormone replacement therapy

Quatresooz

Pierard

2007

Expert Review of Dermatology

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“…Riggs et al [11] demonstrated an age-related BMD decline in the proximal femur and spine. Castelo-Branco et al [3] demonstrated BMD in the lumbar spine to correlate negatively with chronologic age and years since menopause while osteocalcin correlated positively with these parameters. Studying forearm bone mineral content, Brincat et al [6] also showed negative correlations with age and years since menopause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies have reported a relationship between postmenopausal skin and bone changes. Castelo-Branco et al [3] described a correlation between collagen in skin taken from the lower abdomen and lumbar BMD. Chappard et al [23] found skin-fold thickness on the dorsum of the hand to correlate with vertebral and femoral BMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin collagen content and bone mineral density (BMD) share comparable regressive changes during the aging process. Several studies have reported that skin collagen content decreases with age and loss of estrogen [3][4][5][6], while loss of skin collagen is associated with number of years following menopause [3,[5][6][7]. Menopause is also the major risk factor for bone loss [8][9][10], and bone density shows an age-and estrogen-related decline [3,6,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Aging and Postmenopausal Hypoestrogenism on Skin Elasticity and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Women

Sumino

Ichikawa²,

Abe

et al. 2004

Endocr J

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Abstract. Skin collagen content and bone mass decrease with aging. Loss of collagen from the skin might decrease its elasticity. We investigated associations between skin elasticity, bone mineral density (BMD), age, and menopausal hypoestrogenism. Thirty-eight healthy Japanese postmenopausal women were studied (mean age, 55.7 ± 5.9 yr; range, 48 to 71). Skin elasticity was measured using a suction device applied to the dorsal right forearm. BMD values of L2 to 4 vertebral bodies were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Age showed significant negative correlations with both skin elasticity and BMD (r = -0.57, p<0.001 and r = -0.40, p<0.05, respectively). Years since menopause also showed significant negative correlations with both skin elasticity and BMD (r = -0.51, p<0.01 and r = -0.41, p<0.05, respectively). We also found a positive correlation between skin elasticity and BMD in these postmenopausal women (r = 0.44, p<0.01). In conclusion, we demonstrated declining skin elasticity and bone mass in postmenopausal women to possibly be age-and estrogen-related. Additionally, decreased skin elasticity might serve as a predictor of bone loss in postmenopausal women. COLLAGEN constitutes approximately one-third of total body mass [1]. Skin and bone share similar loose connective tissue, respectively located in the dermis and the organic bone matrix. Both bone matrix and dermis are composed of more than 70% type I collagen [2]. Skin collagen content and bone mineral density (BMD) share comparable regressive changes during the aging process. Several studies have reported that skin collagen content decreases with age and loss of estrogen [3][4][5][6], while loss of skin collagen is associated with number of years following menopause [3,[5][6][7]. Menopause is also the major risk factor for bone loss [8][9][10], and bone density shows an age-and estrogen-related decline [3,6,11]. Hypoestrogenism might contribute in parallel to loss of skin collagen and bone mass in women, while collagen loss from skin reduces its thickness and elasticity [6,12]. However, no simultaneously obtained data have been presented to correlate skin elasticity and bone mineral content with aging and menopausal hypoestrogenism.A new suction device was recently developed to simply, rapidly, and noninvasively quantify skin elasticity in vivo. Clinical applications of these measurements have been reported by several authors [12][13][14][15][16][17]. In the present study, we simultaneously measured skin elasticity in the forearm and lumbar spine BMD (L2 to 4) in Japanese postmenopausal women to investigate associations of skin elasticity and bone mineral content with one another as well as with age and duration of menopausal hypoestrogenism.

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“…The blood sample measurements of collagen metabolism are collagen specific rather than tissue specific. Aging changes the distribution of different collagens [9,12,36], and alterations also occur in the structure of collagens in discs and ligaments [13,32,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on lumbar spine mobility and low back symptoms in a healthy early postmenopausal female population: a 2-year randomized controlled trial

Kyllönen

Heikkinen

Väänänen

et al. 1998

European Spine Journal

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IntroductionThe greatest prevalence of back symptoms and sciatica in the Finnish female population occurs just after menopause, at between 55 and 64 years, and it starts to increase between 45 and 54 years of age [21]. In an epidemiological study, increased risk of back symptoms without known etiology exists within those who have had premature menopause [1]. Spinal mobility is one aspect of back performance that has been shown by cross-sectional studies to decrease with age and spinal degeneration [5,7,29,31,37,42,45,47]. The fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs between the vertebrae allow the spine to bend and twist with hydraulic properties. The discs, ligaments, and zygoapophyseal joints, and especially the collagen in them, restrict spinal mobility [13,23,47]. Human intervertebral discs consist of eight different types of collagen [23,47]. Collagen type I is predominant in the outer annulus fibrosus and collagen type II in the inner layers [11,47]. Collagen type I is thought to provide the tensile properties of the annulus fibrosus and other tissues [23]. The tensile properties of collagen depend largely upon the formation of intermolecular cross-links between the constituent molecules [13]. The changes in the proportions of the different collagen types in the spine along with aging and the Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on the lumbar spine mobility and back symptoms of early postmenopausal women. The population sample consisted of 78 healthy, 49-to 55-year-old women, 0.5-5 years after menopause, who were randomized into three groups, two receiving different protocols of estradiol valerate combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate replacement therapy, and the third group a placebo. These groups were then randomized into exercise and control cases and monitored for 2 years. The mobility of the lumbar spine was measured and symptoms investigated using the Million and Oswestry pain and disability questionnaires and pain drawings at the baseline and after 1 and 2 years. During the followup, the mobility of the lumbar spine decreased in all six groups. The decrease was most evident in those who had been the most flexible at baseline (P < 0.0001). The decrease was less notable in the hormone replacement therapy groups than in the control group. When the replacement therapy groups were pooled together, the difference was significant at a P < 0.05 level. No difference was seen between the hormone combinations. The exercise intervention was insufficient to influence lumbar spine mobility. Only sporadic cases of back symptoms appeared and disappeared among the subjects during the follow-up, and no preventive or aggravating effects of hormone replacement therapy or the exercise program on symptoms were detected.

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Relationship between skin collagen and bone changes during aging

Cited by 110 publications

References 22 publications

Downgrading skin climacteric aging by hormone replacement therapy

Downgrading skin climacteric aging by hormone replacement therapy

Effects of Aging and Postmenopausal Hypoestrogenism on Skin Elasticity and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Women

Influence of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and exercise on lumbar spine mobility and low back symptoms in a healthy early postmenopausal female population: a 2-year randomized controlled trial

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