Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Status and Metabolic Risk Factors among Korean Adults with Prediabetes

Abstract

Serum vitamin D status has been associated with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Evidence for the increased risk of metabolic disorders in individuals with prediabetes and a low vitamin D status is limited and uncertain. Furthermore, it has not been confirmed whether this possible relationship occurs in the Korean population. The aim of this study was to assess serum vitamin D status and to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic risk factors in Korean adults with prediabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 subjects aged 20–65 years. Participants had fasting glucose levels of 100 to 125 mg/dl. A questionnaire was used to assess vitamin D synthesis from sun exposure and a dietary intake examined using 3-days dietary records. Clinical and biochemical data were also collected. The 2009 harmonized definition of metabolic syndrome was used. Serum vitamin D levels were classified according to criteria from the 2011 Institute of Medicine report. The majority of subjects (75%) had a serum 25(OH)D level < 20 ng/ml, and among them, 31.1% were vitamin D deficiency (< 12 ng/ml). The proportion (42.9%) of subjects having low HDL-cholesterol was the highest among vitamin D deficiency (< 12 ng/ml) group (12 to < 20 ng/ml: 16.1%, ≥ 20 ng/ml: 6.7%). We observed an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and TG, AI (β = -6.355, SE = 2.463; β = -0.020, SE = 0.008) after adjusted confounders. Korean adults with prediabetes were more likely to have low serum 25(OH)D levels. A sufficient 25(OH)D level may have possible beneficial effects on lipid profiles.

The Association of Serum Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolic Risk Factors in Chinese Adults with Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Evidence from observational studies have pointed that the role of vitamin D status and metabolic risk factors with non-diabetic adults (24,25) or patients with dia-betes (26), which was assistance with our study among Chinese adults with PreDM. However, the previous study did not find the association between a low serum vitamin D status and central obesity among prediabetic Korean adults (27). In the current study, a significant inverse association was found between serum 25(OH)D3 levels and central obesity.…”

“…To our knowledge, there have been several studies reported the positive relationship between vitamin D deficiency and MS and its components among adults with non-diabetic adults (24,25) or patients with diabetes (26). Although there was only one study has examined the association between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic risk factors among adults with PreDM in Korean (27), the result could not be directly applied to a Chinese population due to ethnic differences in vitamin D metabolism and its nutritional status (28). Thus, we aimed to explore the nature and strength of the relationship between serum vitamin D status and metabolic risk factors among Chinese adults with PreDM.…”

Prediabetes is Characterized by Higher FGF23 Levels and Higher Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Compared to Normal Glucose Tolerance Subjects

“…The data on vitamin D levels in patients with prediabetes compared to controls are inconsistent. Some studies show similar 25(OH)D levels in patients with prediabetes and controls and only hypovitaminosis D combined with high parathyroid hormone concentrations was associated with glycemic dysregulation in elderly patients [35], while others find lower levels of 25(OH)D in prediabetes vs. controls [36,37]. Vitamin D deficiency however seems to be related to insulin resistance in prediabetic patients [36,38], but not in normoglycemic subjects [39].…”

The association of VDR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in older people living in community in Santiago de Chile

“…Different studies have reported an inverse association between plasma levels of vitamin D (vitD) and the risk of diabetes, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome 4 – 7 . Clinical studies focused on type 2 diabetes (T2D), have shown a positive correlation between circulating vitD levels and insulin sensitivity, indicating that vitD deficiency may predispose to glucose intolerance, the secretion of altered insulin and T2D 8 – 10 , either through a direct action via activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), or indirectly through calcemic hormones and also through inflammatory processes 1 , 11 , 12 .…”