Relationship between seasons and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies

Abstract

Objective: As the reproduction season's effect on the mental health status is unknown, this study aims to explore the association between seasons and postpartum depression. Methods:A comprehensive search in databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, was performed to identify studies reporting the relationship between reproduction season and postpartum depression. The latter was assessed using certain methods. Moreover, the study design and duration, sample size, the definition of four seasons, outcome assessment, method, and conclusion were extracted. Two independent authors screened the studies independently, and PRISMA 2020 was used as the reporting standard (PRISMA registration ID is 284524).Results: A total of five studies including 103,986 participants met our criteria. In the sensitivity analysis, the result of the meta-analysis shows that women who gave birth in spring, summer, or autumn had a lower risk of postpartum depression compared to those who gave birth in winter (RR: 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-0.88). Conclusion:Women who gave birth in the other seasons were less likely to have postpartum depression compared to those who gave birth in winter. This result could help couples make overall decisions and help the puerpera take preventive measures against postpartum depression.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on postnatal depression: analysis of three population-based national maternity surveys in England (2014–2020)

“…The season of administration also differed across the surveys and it is possible that seasonality can affect postnatal depression. 45 However, the 2018 and 2020 surveys were carried out in the autumn and spring respectively, and there is little evidence of large differences in postnatal depression between these seasons. The cross-sectional design of the surveys makes establishing causality difficult; it is possible that satisfaction with birth, mental health before and during pregnancy, and availability of support might be assessed more negatively through a lens of postnatal depression.…”