Relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in apparently healthy young to middle-aged adults: A systematic review

Cox, Eka P.; O’Dwyer, Nicholas; Cook, Rebecca; Vetter, Melanie; Cheng, Hoi Lun; Rooney, Kieron; O’Connor, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2015.09.003

Cited by 127 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, the level of physical activity in Koreans is still insufficient, and the amount of physical activity has been decreasing during the past decade [27]. Recently, a systematic review showed that physical activity intervention may help to improve cognitive function in the middle-aged adults [28][29][30]. Therefore, our findings of this study are important for public health strategies aimed at preventing cognitive dysfunction in the Korean population.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Korean: A Cross-sectional Study

Jeong

Jang

2017

Exerc Med

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The cognitive functional decline is observed in most elderly people. Previous epidemiological studies suggested that cognitive decline is associated with development of dementia. Annually, 10-15% of older people with mild cognitive impairment progress to dementia compared with 1-2% of older people with normal cognition [2,3]. Previous studies suggests that higher physical activity are associated with prevention of the decline in cognitive function and reduced risk of dementia with aging [4][5][6]. In addition, changes in physical activity may contribute to age-related changes in biological vitality and physical function. Moreover, higher levels of physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, physical function decline, and frailty [7][8][9][10]. Therefore, physical activity may also have an effect on the risk of cognitive dysfunction.Previous studies have investigated the association between physical activity and cognitive functions. However, only a few examined the associations between physical activity and cognitive function in the Korean population. Additionally, to our knowledge, physical activity level recommended by current guidelines for Korean adults has not been reported as a potential predictor of cognitive OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate the association of physical activity and cognitive function in the Korean population. METHODS: This study included 9,177 adults aged 45 years and older who completed the baseline survey of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental Status Evaluation. RESULTS: The odds ratio for the cognitive dysfunction was significantly and linearly decreased according to the levels of physical activity independent of confounding factors. We also found consistent results when investigated these associations using stratified model by sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that physical activity is associated with lower risk of cognitive dysfunction in the middle-aged and older Korean adults. ABSTRACT KEY

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Korean: A Cross-sectional Study

Jeong

Jang

2017

Exerc Med

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“…However, very little research has been conducted on the relationship between executive function and PA among young adults, and none of them were neuroimaging studies or examined the factors related to these variables. One study investigated the association between PA and cognitive function among young to middle-aged adults [18–50 years], the results of which supported the positive effect of PA on cognitive function3 ) . However, the PA considered in these reports were estimated via a questionnaire, rather than detailed objective measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Factors influencing executive function by physical activity level among young adults: a near-infrared spectroscopy study

et al. 2017

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[Purpose] Prevention of dementia requires early intervention against it. To ensure that early interventions are effective it is crucial to study the cognitive functions related to dementia in young adulthood. Moreover, it is needed not only to verify the cognitive function test but also to elucidate the actual brain activity and the influence of related factors on the brain activity. To investigate the factors influencing cognitive function among young adults and examine the differences in executive function by physical activity level. [Subjects and Methods] Forty healthy university students (mean age, 20.4 years) were classified into two groups by cognitive function score (HIGH and LOW), determined according to Trail Making Test performance and Stroop task processing time. We then assessed what factors were related to cognitive function by logistic regression analysis. Executive function was determined by brain blood flow using near-infrared spectroscopy during the Stroop task, and was then compared by physical activity levels (determined according to number of steps per hour). [Results] Full-scale Intelligence Quotient according to the 3rd Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale and number of steps per hour influenced cognitive function score, with odds ratios of 1.104 and 1.012, respectively. Oxy-hemoglobin concentrations in areas related to executive function during the Stroop task were significantly higher among those in the high physical activity group than among those in the low physical activity group. [Conclusion] The study revealed that Full-scale Intelligence Quotient and a number of steps per hour are factors associated with the cognitive functions in young adulthood. In addition, activity in execution function related area was found to be significantly higher in the high physical activity group than in the low physical activity group, suggesting the importance of physical activity for enhancing young adulthood cognitive functions.

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“…It is only over the past two decades that the benefits of exercise on brain health are becoming more apparent. Engaging in regular aerobic exercise induces several positive effects on cognitive function (Brett, Traynor, & Stapley, 2016; Colcombe, Kramer, McAuley, Erickson, & Scalf, 2004; Cox et al, 2016; Groot et al, 2016). Older individuals participating in high levels of physical activity show a reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia (Blondell, Hammersley-Mather, & Veerman, 2014; Colcombe & Kramer, 2003).…”

Section: Aerobic Exercise As Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement-Based Priming: Clinical Applications and Neural Mechanisms

Stoykov

Corcos

Madhavan

2017

Journal of Motor Behavior

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Priming can be described as behavior change generated by preceding stimuli. Although various types of priming have been long studied in the field of psychology, priming that targets motor cortex is a relatively new topic of research in the fields of motor control and rehabilitation. In reference to a rehabilitation intervention, priming is categorized as a restorative approach. There are a myriad of possible priming approaches including non-invasive brain stimulation, motor imagery, and sensory-based priming, to name a few. The authors report on movement-based priming which, compared to other priming types, is less frequently examined and under reported. Movement-based priming includes, but is not limited to, bilateral motor priming, unilateral priming, and aerobic exercise. Clinical and neural mechanistic aspects of movement-based priming techniques are explored.

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Relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in apparently healthy young to middle-aged adults: A systematic review

Cited by 127 publications

References 49 publications

Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Korean: A Cross-sectional Study

Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Dysfunction in the Korean: A Cross-sectional Study

Factors influencing executive function by physical activity level among young adults: a near-infrared spectroscopy study

Movement-Based Priming: Clinical Applications and Neural Mechanisms

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