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[Purpose] Prevention of dementia requires early intervention against it. To ensure that early interventions are effective it is crucial to study the cognitive functions related to dementia in young adulthood. Moreover, it is needed not only to verify the cognitive function test but also to elucidate the actual brain activity and the influence of related factors on the brain activity. To investigate the factors influencing cognitive function among young adults and examine the differences in executive function by physical activity level. [Subjects and Methods] Forty healthy university students (mean age, 20.4 years) were classified into two groups by cognitive function score (HIGH and LOW), determined according to Trail Making Test performance and Stroop task processing time. We then assessed what factors were related to cognitive function by logistic regression analysis. Executive function was determined by brain blood flow using near-infrared spectroscopy during the Stroop task, and was then compared by physical activity levels (determined according to number of steps per hour). [Results] Full-scale Intelligence Quotient according to the 3rd Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale and number of steps per hour influenced cognitive function score, with odds ratios of 1.104 and 1.012, respectively. Oxy-hemoglobin concentrations in areas related to executive function during the Stroop task were significantly higher among those in the high physical activity group than among those in the low physical activity group. [Conclusion] The study revealed that Full-scale Intelligence Quotient and a number of steps per hour are factors associated with the cognitive functions in young adulthood. In addition, activity in execution function related area was found to be significantly higher in the high physical activity group than in the low physical activity group, suggesting the importance of physical activity for enhancing young adulthood cognitive functions.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the coefficient of variation (CV) of stride time in an exercise intervention for the elderly without falling history. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 42 elderly women who had participated in a care prevention program for 12 weeks. Stride time CV, motor function, movement ability, balance, Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) score, and Life-space Assessment (LSA) score before and after the intervention were examined for significant differences using the paired t-test. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors that changed in the stride time CV. [Results] There were significant differences in muscle strength, sit-and-reach flexibility, the one-leg standing time (eyes open), the maximum walking speed, local stability of trunk acceleration, The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG-T), the MFES score, and the LSA score between the pre-intervention and post-intervention. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that improvement of quadriceps muscle strength, sit-and-reach flexibility, the one-leg standing time, TUG-T, local stability of trunk acceleration (vertical direction) and MFES score were independent variables explaining the reduction in stride time CV. [Conclusion] The results was suggested that it might be possible to reduce the stride time CV by improving strength, flexibility and dynamic balance, and reducing fear of falls through interventions.

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SummaryAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for some patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are refractory to chemotherapy. Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a reasonable option in such cases because of its rapid availability. Recently, a growing number of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐haploidentical related donor HSCTs (haplo‐HSCTs) have been performed, although its effectiveness remains undetermined. Using the Japanese nationwide transplantation registry data, we identified 2438 patients aged ≥16 years who received CBT or haplo‐HSCT as their first transplant for non‐remission AML between January 2008 and December 2018. After 2:1 propensity score matching, 918 patients in the CBT group and 459 patients in the haplo‐HSCT group were selected. In this matched cohort, no significant difference in overall survival (OS) was observed between the CBT and haplo‐HSCT groups (hazard ratio [HR] of haplo‐HSCT to CBT 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.16). Similarly, no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of relapse (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.93–1.28) or non‐relapse mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.76–1.18). Subgroup analysis showed that CBT was significantly associated with preferable OS in patients receiving myeloablative conditioning. Our data showed comparable outcomes between haplo‐HSCT and CBT recipients with non‐remission AML.

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