Relationship between Parental Socio-economic Status and Casual Blood Pressure in Coastal Nigerian Adolescents

Ansa, VO; Anah, MU; Odey, Friday; Mbu, P N; Agbor, Esther

doi:10.4314/wajm.v29i3.68211

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Of these, 19 articles (including 8 studies used in the quantitative synthesis) [45, 54, 61, 68, 75, 77, 84, 92, 99, 101, 156, 163, 169, 218, 296, 297, (212, 228, 231, 237, 247, 250, 255, 256)] reported that higher SES was associated with higher body composition measures, whilst the remaining articles [54], [75], [92], [169], [256] found no significant association of SES on body composition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPrevalence of childhood overweight/obesity has increased considerably in recent years. The transition to higher rates of overweight/obesity has been well documented in high income countries; however, consistent or representative data from lower income countries is scarce. It is therefore pertinent to assess if rates of overweight/obesity are also increasing in lower income countries, to inform public health efforts.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence for an overweight/obesity transition occurring in school-aged children and youth in Sub Saharan Africa.MethodsStudies were identified by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Africa Index Medicus, Global Health, Geobase, and EPPI-Centre electronic databases. Studies that used subjective or objective metrics to assess body composition in apparently healthy or population-based samples of children and youth aged 5 to 17 years were included.ResultsA total of 283 articles met the inclusion criteria, and of these, 68 were used for quantitative synthesis. The four regions (West, Central, East, and South) of Sub Saharan Africa were well represented, though only 11 (3.9%) studies were nationally representative. Quantitative synthesis revealed a trend towards increasing proportions of overweight/obesity over time in school-aged children in this region, as well as a persistent problem of underweight. Weighted averages of overweight/obesity and obesity for the entire time period captured were 10.6% and 2.5% respectively. Body composition measures were found to be higher in girls than boys, and higher in urban living and higher socioeconomic status children compared to rural populations or those of lower socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence for an overweight/obesity transition in school-aged children in Sub Saharan Africa. The findings of this review serve to describe the region with respect to the growing concern of childhood overweight/obesity, highlight research gaps, and inform interventions.PROSPERO Registration NumberCRD42013004399

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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“…Of the 36 studies, 26 (72.2%) studies [26,29,34,35,37,38,43,45,47,52,55,56,58,60,61,62,63,64,67,68,77,79,81,82,83,86] used solely subjective measurements of physical activity (e.g., self-report or interviewer administered questionnaires), and 10 (27.8%) studies [30,31,32,33,42,53,65,74,75,76,84] used direct/objective measures (e.g., accelerometers, pedometers) or a combination of direct and subjective measures. Table 5 indicates the type the type of measure used and the main findings for each of the 36 studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 14 studies using subjective measures to examine the association between physical activity and SES, 11 found that lower SES and rural children had higher levels of physical activity compared to higher SES and urban children, or children who had mothers with a higher educational level [26,29,34,38,43,52,58,74,77,81,86], while three found contradicting evidence or no SES differences [35,61,67]. Lower SES and rural children engaged in higher levels of active transportation (e.g., walking and running to school) [43,52,74,77,81], spent more time in activities of daily living (e.g., house chores, work related, habitual activity) [26,29,34,38], but, spent less time engaged in organized sports or formal activities compared to their higher SES and urban peers [77,81].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Muthuri

Wachira

LeBlanc

et al. 2014

IJERPH

144

155

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Recent physical activity (PA) and fitness transitions, identified as behavioural shifts from traditionally active lifestyles to more industralised and sedentary lifestyles, have been observed among school-aged children. There is a wealth of supporting evidence of such behavioural transitions in high income countries; however, a paucity of data on lower income countries exists. These transitions pose a particular threat to the welfare of children by accelerating the onset of chronic diseases. This systematic review investigated the evidence for a PA and fitness transition among Sub-Saharan Africa’s school-aged children. Temporal trends and correlates of PA, SB, and fitness were examined. Studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Africa Index Medicus, Global Health, Geobase, and EPPI-Centre electronic databases, and were included if they measured outcomes of interest in apparently healthy samples of children (5‒17 years). A total of 71 articles met the inclusion criteria (40 informed PA, 17 informed SB, and 37 informed fitness). Vast heterogeneity in study methodology complicated analysis of transitions over time and no temporal trends were immediately discernible. However, higher socioeconomic status, urban living, and female children were found to engage in lower levels of PA, higher SB, and performed worse on aerobic fitness measures compared to lower socioeconomic status, rural living, and male children. Data revealed that urbanization was associated with a trend towards decreased PA, increased SB, and decreased aerobic fitness over time. Representative, temporally sequenced data examining a PA and fitness transition are lacking in this region (PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42013004399).

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“…In the absence of BP standards using currently agreed methods for BP determination internationally and the non-representation of African children living in Africa, the normative BP percentiles derived in this study would be suitable for use in Nigerian children. Although there is another Nigerian study that used at least 40% of cuff width; the study was on adolescents aged 10 to 18 years and BP percentiles were not generated 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has largely been related to the weight of the boys being higher than that of the girls. Some workers have shown higher BP in urban children compared to the rural children as well as differences in blood pressure based on socioeconomic classes in adolescent girls 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure percentiles in a group of Nigerian school age children

Sadoh¹,

Omuemu²,

Sadoh³

et al. 2014

Nig. J. Paed.

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Background: Determination of abnormal blood pressure (BP) in children is dependent on comparison with normal percentile values. The commonly used National Institute of Health (NIH) standard is generated from children outside of Africa. Objective: To develop BP percentile values for Nigerian children based on BP cuff width 40% to 50% of arm circumference. Methods: Subjects were pupils from nine primary schools in Midwestern Nigeria recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique. Their BP was measured using a cuff width of 40 to 50% of arm circumference and cuff length of at least 80% of arm circumference respectively. The mean of two BP readings were taken. Hypertension was defined as systolic and or diastolic BP >95 th percentile of the study population. Results: There were 1549 subjects, aged 5 to 15 years, of which 757 (48.9%) were males. Prevalence of hypertension was 2.6%. Only age and weight were independent predictors of both elevated systolic and diastolic BP. The 5 th , 10 th , 50 th , 90 th and 95 th percentiles of Systolic and diastolic BP were generated for both males and females pupils. Conclusion: BP Percentiles have been generated using BP cuff width 40 to 50% of the arm circumference for Nigerian children.

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Relationship between Parental Socio-economic Status and Casual Blood Pressure in Coastal Nigerian Adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Blood pressure percentiles in a group of Nigerian school age children

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