Relationship between Oral Hypofunction and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Otassha Study

Kugimiya, Yoshihiro; Iwasaki, Masanori; Ohara, Yuki; Motokawa, Köiti; Edahiro, Ayako; Shirobe, Maki; Watanabe, Yutaka; Obuchi, Shuichi; Kawai, Hisashi; Fujiwara, Yoshinori; Ihara, Kazushige; Kim, Hunkyung; Ueda, Takayuki; Hirano, Hirohiko

doi:10.3390/ijerph18126666

Cited by 34 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The rates of hypofunction were approximately 20% for oral hygiene, oral dryness, masticatory function, and swallowing function, and approximately 50% for occlusal force, number of teeth, ODK, and tongue pressure. This trend resembled the results of the study by Kugimiya et al [ 15 ], while there was a large difference in the presence of hypofunction at each oral test compared to the study by Shimazaki et al [ 17 ]. Since oral hypofunction is diagnosed based on three of the seven tests, the fact that the results of the oral tests tended to differ depending on the study is problematic and suggests the need to revalidate the criteria to diagnose oral hypofunction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Previous studies on older individuals living in the community, rather than outpatients, reported an oral hypofunction prevalence of about 50–60% [ 15 , 17 , 18 ] and 43% [ 16 ]. The oral hypofunction prevalence reported in this study was higher (63%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings showed that oral hygiene and oral moisture were not associated with age, while other oral functions were negatively correlated with age, even after adjusting for sex and comorbidities. Kugimiya et al [ 15 ] evaluated the median value of each oral test in each age group, showing that the values decreased with the increase in age in all items other than oral hygiene and dryness. Oral hygiene and moisture were considered weakly related to age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these oral hypofunction problems have only been partially clarified in surveys conducted on community-dwelling older individuals, revealing a high incidence of oral hypofunction [15][16][17][18][19]. The prevalence rates of oral hypofunction in previous studies were about 40-60%, and oral hypofunction was significantly associated with sarcopenia [15], malnutrition [16], frailty [17,18], and mild cognitive impairment [18]. These previous studies have highlighted the importance of oral hypofunction management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Oral Hypofunction Tests, Age, and Sex

Hatanaka

Furuya

Sato

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Oral function declines in older individuals due to disease and age-related changes, making them vulnerable to oral and physical frailty. Therefore, it is important to manage the decline in oral function in older outpatients. Oral hypofunction is diagnosed by seven tests related to oral function, oral hygiene, oral moisture, occlusal force, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and swallowing function. However, sex or age were not factored into the current reference values of these tests. We included subjects attending the dental hospital clinic for maintenance, and recorded and analyzed oral hypofunction and the factors associated with its diagnosis. Of the 134 outpatients (53 males and 81 females, mean age 75.2 ± 11.2 years), 63% were diagnosed with oral hypofunction. Oral hypofunction prevalence increased significantly with age, and significant variations were observed in all tests. Furthermore, oral hygiene and swallowing function were not associated with oral hypofunction diagnosis. All examined factors decreased with increasing age, even after adjusting sex, except for oral hygiene and moisture. Occlusal force and masticatory function were higher in men after adjusting age. This study suggested that older outpatients were likely to be diagnosed with oral hypofunction, and that the test reference value and their selection for oral hypofunction should be reconsidered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Associations between Oral Hypofunction Tests, Age, and Sex

Hatanaka

Furuya

Sato

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The evaluation and management of oral hypofunction in older adults has been covered by the Japanese insurance system since 2018, and evidence of poor oral function is gradually accumulating. Studies have reported on the association between oral hygiene and frailty [14], the association between masticatory function and frailty and/or sarcopenia [15,16], the association between tongue pressure and frailty or sarcopenia [17,18], and the association between the number of remaining teeth and frailty [19]; however, the association between oral hypofunction and frailty or sarcopenia has only recently been reported [20,21]. Based on current trends, our research group conducted a study on the methods to examine oral hypofunction proposed by the Japanese Society of Gerodontology, and reported that oral hypofunction is related to frailty, sarcopenia, and mild cognitive impairment [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Oral Hypofunction, and Protein Intake: A Cross-Sectional Study in Local Community-Dwelling Adults

et al. 2021

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Few studies have investigated the relationship between nutritional status and comprehensive assessment of oral hypofunction, especially protein intake-related sarcopenia. Thus, we explored these relationships in a large-scale cross-sectional cohort study using the seven-item evaluation for oral hypofunction and Diet History Questionnaire for nutritional assessment. We used the data from 1004 individuals who participated in the 2019 health survey of the residents of Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan for analysis. We found that individuals with oral hypofunction were significantly older with a lower skeletal muscle index. Although there were few foods that had a significant difference between the groups with and without oral hypofunction, the consumption of beans and meats was significantly lower in women and men in the oral hypofunction group, respectively. According to the lower limit of the tentative dietary goal defined in Japan, comprehensive evaluation of oral hypofunction was significantly and independently associated with protein intake in both men and women (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.35). In conclusion, we found that oral hypofunction was associated with targeted protein intake for sarcopenia and frailty prevention in middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults. Comprehensive evaluation of oral function with intervention in cases of hypofunction could inform clinicians to better prevent sarcopenia.

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Association between sarcopenia and oral functions in community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional study

Kugimiya

Iwasaki

Ohara

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Few studies have examined the state of oral function in older adults with sarcopenia. We assessed the oral functions of community‐dwelling older adults with sarcopenia from multiple perspectives to clarify their potentially low oral function. Methods A total of 1517 (86.2%; 990 women, 527 men; mean age 76.1 ± 7.6 years) participants were included in this study. Grip strength, gait speed and skeletal muscle mass index were assessed, and sarcopenia was evaluated according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. The degree of tongue coating, oral moisture, occlusal force, tongue–lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory function and swallowing function were assessed. The criteria for oral hypofunction (a disease that is a combination of multiple low oral functions) were used to assess oral function. Statistical analyses were performed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, unpaired t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 test, and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, with each oral function as the dependent variable and sarcopenia as one of the independent variables. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results The prevalence rates of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were 14.2% and 3.8%, respectively. The prevalence of oral hypofunction was 39.9%. Compared with the robust group, the sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia groups tended to have a higher frequency of the following components (all P < 0.01): low occlusal force, low tongue–lip motor function, low tongue pressure, low masticatory function, low swallowing function and oral hypofunction. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was associated with low occlusal force, low tongue–lip motor function, low tongue pressure, low masticatory function, low swallowing function and oral hypofunction. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of sarcopenia for each oral function were 2.62 [2.00, 3.43], 2.21 [1.69, 2.89], 3.66 [2.79, 4.81], 3.23 [2.46, 4.25], 1.66 [1.26, 2.20] and 3.59 [2.72, 4.72], respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was associated with low occlusal force (1.63 [1.10, 2.40]), low tongue pressure (2.28 [1.65, 3.15]), low masticatory function, (1.94 [1.27, 2.97]), low swallowing function (1.64 [1.17, 2.28]) and oral hypofunction (2.17 [1.52, 3.09]). Conclusions This study demonstrated that multiple aspects of oral function were low among community‐dwelling older adults with sarcopenia. The potential decline in oral functions in older adults with sarcopenia may have been overlooked until now. This study indicates the need for dental perspectives in intervening with older adults with sarcopenia and the need to encourage them to see dental professionals.

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Relationship between Oral Hypofunction and Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Otassha Study

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Associations between Oral Hypofunction Tests, Age, and Sex

Associations between Oral Hypofunction Tests, Age, and Sex

Relationship between Oral Hypofunction, and Protein Intake: A Cross-Sectional Study in Local Community-Dwelling Adults

Association between sarcopenia and oral functions in community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional study

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