Relationship between mesospheric Na and Fe layers from simultaneous and common‐volume lidar observations at Arecibo

Yue, Xianchang; Zhou, Qihou; Raizada, S.; Tepley, C. A.; Friedman, J. S.

doi:10.1002/jgrd.50148

Cited by 7 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The evidence comes from similarity between the lower boundary of Na and Fe layers as observed in the data presented in this study (Figs. 1 and 4), which is consistent with earlier observations (Yi et al, 2008;Yue et al 2013). This suggests that local dynamics plays a significant role in the temporal variation of Na and Fe on any given night.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Also, the temporal behavior of the upper boundary displayed some differences and was attributed to be likely due to sporadic layers. Recently, Yue et al (2013) extended this study for the same metals observed at Arecibo with similar results showing that altitudinal dependence of Na and Fe correlations are global in nature. Both the studies did not compare the similarities or differences in sporadic activities, which is one of the goals in the current study.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The simultaneous occurrence of sporadic neutral and E s layers also results in good correlation between Na and Fe but results in poor correlation in absence of such coincidence. Yue et al (2013) investigated altitudinal correlations between Na and Fe and found negative correlation coefficients (r) occurring in a narrow middle region encompassed by positive r values at the top and bottom parts of the layers. They demonstrated that the layer structure for the case of Na and Fe is mainly determined by chemistry, while the correlation between the two species is governed by gravity wave-induced density fluctuations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they determined r using the average data for all the night and to obtain its temporal variation, a sliding window of 1 h was used. Additionally, the work presented by Yue et al (2013) did not study the influence of electron concentration on the neutrals due to the lack of ISR data. Since in this study, we aim at investigating the ion-neutral coupling, the correlations have been determined for specific altitude regions based on chemical differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible reasons for this different sporadic activity in the neutral Fe and Na are discussed below. Earlier studies have shown that the structure and distribution of different mesospheric metals are governed both by dynamics and chemistry (Plane, 2003;Gerding et al, 2000;Yue et al 2013). To investigate the dynamical activity on these nights, we use the PSASI imager that reveals wave characteristics on these two nights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence of mesospheric Na and Fe distributions on electron density at Arecibo

et al. 2015

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We present case studies of the mesospheric alkali and non-alkali metals, Na and Fe, along with electron concentrations [N e , respectively, within the sporadic-E layer. In order to investigate ion-neutral coupling, a correlative analysis was performed in two altitude regions. Similar features are seen between neutrals and electrons in the 96-100-km altitude range, while within the altitude range of 80-90 km, an opposite behavior is seen. A comparative study between neutral layers below 90 km often referred to as the main or permanent layer and sporadic activity above 90 km reveals different characteristics for alkali and non-alkali metal. Fe concentrations in the main layer are higher than in Fe s resulting in a density ratio of less than 1 determined from two layers of 3 km thickness centered at 97 and 87 km. For the case of Na, the ratio exceeds 1 during E s activity on both the nights. The case studies discussed in this work facilitate our understanding of different factors that can influence the sporadic activity in alkali and non-alkali metals. In a region dominated by ion-molecule chemistry, temperature fluctuations that can be induced by wave activity will have more impact on Na than for Fe within their layers depending on altitude.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence of mesospheric Na and Fe distributions on electron density at Arecibo

et al. 2015

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Simultaneous and common‐volume lidar observations of K/Na layers and temperature at Arecibo Observatory (18°N, 67°W)

Yue

Zhou

et al. 2016

JGR Atmospheres

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Key point 1: First simultaneous observations of mesospheric K, Na, and temperature at Arecibo.Key point 2: Variations of Na and K layers are closely related to temperature.Key point 3: Na densities are more sensitive to temperature changes than K. AbstractWe present the first simultaneous and common-volume observations of mesospheric K and Na densities and temperature conducted by a K Doppler lidar and a Na lidar at the Arecibo Observatory (18.35°N, 66.75°W), Puerto Rico. Measurements reported here were conducted on three nights with 9, 6 and 7 hours of observations in December 2003 and January 2004.The behaviors of the Na and K layer and the temperature variations showed that the bottom edges of the Na and K layers matched one another almost exactly. Layer peak and column densities increased/decreased together with temperature for the Na layer, but not for the K layer. The correlation between temperature and density fluctuations was strongly positive at and just below the peak altitude of the nightly mean density profile but transitioned to negative several kilometers above the respective peak of either Na or K. The peak densities of the sporadic Na and K layers occurring at low altitudes did not behave in the same manner especially when the background temperature decreased. We discuss, qualitatively, the impact of dynamical and chemical effects on the behaviors of the Na and K layers. Our analysis suggests that wave-induced dynamical transport can account for the observed correlations between temperature, Na density and K density fluctuations. Dynamical transport and wave-induced chemical transport have similar effects on the behaviors of the Na and K layers.The resulting differences in Na and K layers are qualitatively consistent with different dependences on temperature of the Na and K chemistries.

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A global atmospheric model of meteoric iron

et al. 2013

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[1] The first global model of meteoric iron in the atmosphere (WACCM-Fe) has been developed by combining three components: the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), a description of the neutral and ion-molecule chemistry of iron in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), and a treatment of the injection of meteoric constituents into the atmosphere. The iron chemistry treats seven neutral and four ionized iron containing species with 30 neutral and ion-molecule reactions. The meteoric input function (MIF), which describes the injection of Fe as a function of height, latitude, and day, is precalculated from an astronomical model coupled to a chemical meteoric ablation model (CABMOD). This newly developed WACCM-Fe model has been evaluated against a number of available ground-based lidar observations and performs well in simulating the mesospheric atomic Fe layer. The model reproduces the strong positive correlation of temperature and Fe density around the Fe layer peak and the large anticorrelation around 100 km. The diurnal tide has a significant effect in the middle of the layer, and the model also captures well the observed seasonal variations. However, the model overestimates the peak Fe + concentration compared with the limited rocket-borne mass spectrometer data available, although good agreement on the ion layer underside can be obtained by adjusting the rate coefficients for dissociative recombination of Fe-molecular ions with electrons. Sensitivity experiments with the same chemistry in a 1-D model are used to highlight significant remaining uncertainties in reaction rate coefficients, and to explore the dependence of the total Fe abundance on the MIF and rate of vertical transport.

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Relationship between mesospheric Na and Fe layers from simultaneous and common‐volume lidar observations at Arecibo

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Dependence of mesospheric Na and Fe distributions on electron density at Arecibo

Dependence of mesospheric Na and Fe distributions on electron density at Arecibo

Simultaneous and common‐volume lidar observations of K/Na layers and temperature at Arecibo Observatory (18°N, 67°W)

A global atmospheric model of meteoric iron

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