Dependence of mesospheric Na and Fe distributions on electron density at Arecibo

Raizada, S.; Tepley, C. A.; Zhou, Qin; Sarkhel, Sumanta; Mathews, J. D.; Aponte, N.; Şeker, Ilgın; Kerr, Robert B.; Cabassa, Edvier

doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0322-z

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Also, the lifetimes of metal ions are very long at altitudes exceeding 120 km. For example, if Na + ions were confined to an altitude of 140 km over Arecibo, their chemical lifetime would be ~2 × 10 8 h [ Raizada et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First simultaneous measurements of Na and K thermospheric layers along with TILs from Arecibo

Raizada

Brum

Tepley

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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This work presents the first simultaneous observations of Na and K between 120 and 150 km altitudes along with ionospheric tidal ion layers (TILs) obtained on 30 January 2006 data from Arecibo. The latter displays an average downward phase velocity of ~14.7 ms−1. However, the neutral layers descend together at a much slower velocity of about ~0.69 ms−1. This indicates that thermospheric atomic metal layers are not necessarily associated with TILs. The ratio of the average Na/K abundances in thermosphere is ~35.5 as compared to 150 in the main layer (80–105 km). The long lifetimes of ions at ~140 km implies that neutral layers cannot result from direct neutralization of metal ions in the TILs. We investigate different mechanisms that can deposit neutral atoms at thermospheric altitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First simultaneous measurements of Na and K thermospheric layers along with TILs from Arecibo

Raizada

Brum

Tepley

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Normal Ns layers do not show any kind of rapid temporal variations with height, and they appear as quasi horizontal structures in lidargram (Clemesha et al, ). However, different layers reported by Kane et al () and Raizada et al () show complex structure in the lidargram, which somewhat resembled overturning structures. They lasted for around an hour and extended for several kilometers vertically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

On the Long Lasting “C‐Type” Structures in the Sodium Lidargram: The Lifetime of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region

et al. 2019

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In order to understand the characteristics of long-lasting "C-type" structure in the Sodium (Na) lidargram, six cases from different observational locations have been analyzed. The Na lidargram, collected from low-, middle-, and high-latitude sites, show long lifetime of the C-type structures which is believed to be the manifestation of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region. In order to explore the characteristics of the long-lasting C-type structures, the altitude profile of square of Brunt-Väisälä frequency in the MLT region has been derived using the temperature profile collected from the Na lidar instruments and the SABER instrument onboard TIMED satellite. It is found to be positive in the C-type structure region for all the six cases which indicates that the regions are convectively stable. Simultaneous wind measurements, which allowed us to calculate the Richardson numbers and Reynolds numbers for three cases, suggest that the regions where the C-type structure appeared were dynamically stable and nonturbulent. This paper brings out a hypothesis wherein the low temperature can increase the magnitude of the Prandtl number and convectively stable atmospheric region can cause the magnitude of Reynolds number to decrease. As a consequence, the remnant of previously generated KH billows in nearly "frozen-in" condition can be advected through this conducive region to a different location by the background wind where they can sustain for a long time without much deformation. These long-lived KH billows in the MLT region will eventually manifest the long-lasting C-type structures in the Na lidargram.

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“…The process of ablation, deposition and subsequent outflow as suggested by Christon et al (2017) has much longer time scales; The deposited Fe ions can probably reside for a very long time in the mesosphere before eventually being lifted up and escape into space or deposited on Earth. Results by Raizada et al (2015) (their Figure 10) suggest that Fe + have lifetimes up to 1,000 hr in the mesosphere).…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysicalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Suprathermal Fe in the Earth's Plasma Environment: Cluster RAPID Observations

et al. 2020

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Baryonic matter in geospace is almost exclusively in a plasma state, with protons (H +) and to some extent ionized helium (He) and oxygen (O) being the dominant ion species. But also other heavier ion species and even molecular ions are present in geospace. The Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors (RAPID) on board the Cluster satellites can identify and characterize some of these ions by utilizing their measured time of flight and energy. Usually, the measurements are then assigned into three discrete species channels; protons (H +), helium (He), and a common channel for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (CNO), each with flux, energy, and angular information. But RAPID also has a Direct Event (DE) diagnostic mode in which the full time of flight and energy information for a limited number of incident particles are stored. With knowledge about energy losses in the various detector parts, it is then possible to derive the atomic mass of the incident particle. In this paper we report on results from a study of Cluster DE events during the years 2001–2018, with a particular emphasis of iron (Fe) ions. We show that suprathermal Fe ions can be found all over geospace covered by Cluster, and that the time variation is consistent with modulation by geomagnetic disturbances and solar activity. We do not find any clear correlations between detection of suprathermal Fe and meteor showers or sputtering off the moon.

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Dependence of mesospheric Na and Fe distributions on electron density at Arecibo

Cited by 6 publications

References 68 publications

First simultaneous measurements of Na and K thermospheric layers along with TILs from Arecibo

First simultaneous measurements of Na and K thermospheric layers along with TILs from Arecibo

On the Long Lasting “C‐Type” Structures in the Sodium Lidargram: The Lifetime of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region

Suprathermal Fe in the Earth's Plasma Environment: Cluster RAPID Observations

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