Relationship Between Maximal Dynamic Force in the Deep Back Squat and Sprinting Performance in Consecutive Segments Up to 30 m

Abstract

Möck, S, Hartmann, R, Wirth, K, Rosenkranz, G, and Mickel, C. Relationship between maximal dynamic force in the deep back squat and sprinting performance in consecutive segments up to 30 m. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1039–1043, 2021—The sprint (in track and field athletics) is characterized by a fluent transition from predominantly knee extending musculature during the initial acceleration phase toward dominance of the hamstring muscle group thereafter. Because of this change in technique, it can be assumed that there is a decrease of correlation of the maximal dynamic force of the deep back squat and sprinting performance with increasing distance. Therefore, sprinting performance for consecutive intervals (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–25, and 25–30 m) as well as the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were determined. Our results show statistically significant (p < 0.01) correlations for both the relationships with the absolute 1RM (r = −0.614 to −0.808) and the relative 1RM (r = −0.646 to −0.749). However, the expected decrease in correlation over distance was not found. The results show that the maximal dynamic force of hip and knee extensors are a basic performance requirement in short-distance sprinting and should be considered in training recommendations.

The Barbell Back Squat Exercise

“…The back squat is often performed to enhance lower body strength and function, power, speed, and athletic performance as well as lower body muscle development (2–4,6–11). Joint motions and muscle actions occurring during the back squat resemble those during functional activities of daily living like rising from a chair and picking up heavy objects from the ground (2,3,7).…”

“…The gluteus maximus, quadriceps, and hamstrings are primary movers (agonists), and the gluteus medius, erector spinae, transversospinalis, rectus abdominus, transversus abdominus, and internal and external obliques assist the primary movers and help stabilize the thoracic and lumbosacral spine, pelvis, hips, and knees (1)(2)(3)(4)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(14)(15)(16)(17). Figure 2 depicts an anterior and posterior view of muscles activated during the back squat exercise.…”

Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: A Systematic Review

“…Muscle strength is the ability to exert a force on an external object or resistance [ 1 , 2 ]. Therefore, strength or resistance training can be defined as a method to develop musculoskeletal fitness through a broad spectrum of loads with different purposes, such as increasing sport performance [ 3 ], improving health [ 4 ], and preventing and rehabilitating injuries [ 5 ]. As a consequence of this kind of training, adaptations are produced at different levels (e.g., neuromuscular) through the manipulation of strength training variables (e.g., duration) [ 6 ], which must be adjusted to a series of biological and psychological demands specific to each individual [ 7 ].…”

The Landmine Squat Exercise

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he landmine squat is a closed-chain compound, multiple joint lower body exercise (1,2).

BENEFITS OF THE EXERCISESimilarly to the barbell back squat and front squat, the landmine squat exercise can enhance lower body strength, power, speed, athletic performance, and muscle development (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Increasing squat strength also can improve performance in daily functional activities and quality of life (12).

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