Relationship between Locations of Facial Injury and the Use of Bicycle Helmets: A Systematic Review

Hwang, Kun; Jeon, Yun Moon; Ko, Yeong Seung; Kim, Yeon Soo

doi:10.5999/aps.2015.42.4.407

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, the probability of a mid-facial fracture is much higher. The same mechanism was described by Hwang et al in a review from 2015 (10). In case-control studies performed by Thompson et al (9, 12, 13, 33), the helmet was found to exert also a protective effect on the upper and mid-face in 65% of cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The main outcome was that helmets decrease the risk of facial injury to the upper and mid face by 65% (9). A present review from 2015 performed by Hwang et al showed that a bicycle helmet covers the upper and middle face from serious facial injury but cannot cover the lower face (10). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the number of cyclists who use a helmet is increasing (Federal Statistical Bureau, Wiesbaden; GIDAS) (Figure 1). Several studies have shown that head injuries are more common and more severe when the cyclist does not wear a helmet (4-10). With regard to head injuries, the majority of studies conducted until today have focused on intracranial injuries and the severity of injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Bicycle Safety Helmets in Preventing Facial Injuries in Road Accidents

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets in preventing head injuries is well- documented. Recent studies differ regarding the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in preventing facial injuries, especially those of the mid-face and the mandible.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to determine the protective effect of a bicycle helmet in preventing mid-face and mandibular fractures.Patients and MethodsData from an accident research unit were analyzed to collect technical collision details (relative collision speed, type of collision, collision partner, and use of a helmet) and clinical data (type of fracture).ResultsBetween 1999 and 2011, 5,350 bicycle crashes were included in the study. Of these, 175 (3.3%) had fractures of the mid-face or mandible. In total, 228 mid-face or mandibular fractures were identified. A significant correlation was found between age and relative collision speed, and the incidence of a fracture. While no significant correlation was found between the use of a helmet and the incidence of mid-facial fractures, the use of a helmet was correlated with a significantly increased incidence of mandibular fractures.ConclusionsHigher age of cyclists and increasing speed of the accident opponent significantly increase the likelihood of sustaining facial fractures. The use of bicycle helmets does not significantly reduce the incidence of mid-facial fractures, while being correlated with an even increased incidence of mandibular fractures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Bicycle Safety Helmets in Preventing Facial Injuries in Road Accidents

et al. 2016

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“…Precautions such as protective helmets aim to limit the threat of injury. Many studies have shown the proven benefits of wearing protective helmets 2345. Specifically, many studies have shown that helmets reduce the odds of head and brain injuries by 63 to 88% and reduce the odds of upper and midface injuries by 65% in bicyclists 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Helmet Wear and Craniofacial Trauma Burden: A Plea for Regulations Mandating Protective Helmet Wear

Harvey

Gibreel

Charafeddine

et al. 2017

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction

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Helmet wear offers protection in various ways against craniomaxillofacial and brain trauma. The specific pattern and overall burden of craniofacial trauma among helmeted and unhelmeted patients has not been well defined. This is a retrospective review of trauma patients involved in documented helmet-associated injuries that presented to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Department in Rochester, Minnesota, and completed initial trauma evaluation between 1999 and 2015. A total of 417 patients (50% unhelmeted, 82% male) were identified. The median age at injury was 22.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 15.2-44.2]) and median follow-up was 26 months ([IQR: 2.2-64.8]). The majority of injuries involved motorcycle accidents (57.6%), bicycles (30.2%), and other modes of injury (12.7%). The mean Glasgow Coma Score (GSC) at the time of presentation was 14.2 (SD ± 2.4) and mean injury severity score (ISS) was 10.2 (SD ± 7.5). Motorcycle accidents had a higher mean ISS compared with other modes of injury ( = 0.048). Unhelmeted patients were more likely to sustain scalp lacerations ( < 0.0001), facial bone fractures ( = 0.01), scalp hematomas ( = 0.041), skull fractures ( = 0.017), and are more likely to require hospital admission ( = 0.0003). Unhelmeted patients' hospital length of stay was on average 2 days longer than helmeted patients' stay ( = 0.0721). Unhelmeted patients were more likely to require out-of-home placement than helmeted patients. Among trauma patients, helmet use was associated with less scalp lacerations and hematomas, facial bones fractures, skull fractures, and need for hospital admission. Adoption of legislation and regulations mandating protective helmet use in all states are strongly encouraged to minimize the burden of craniofacial injuries among unhelmeted patients.

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“…Also, they do not protect the lower facial region. 11,12 Not every type of bicycle helmet protects in the same way. Sometimes cyclists with helmets increase their speed and have decreased risk perception and because of that the safety effect can be counterproductive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Head and face injuries among cyclists admitted to the Craniomaxillofacial and Oncological Department at the Medical University of Lodz

Puch¹,

Neskoromna-Jędrzejczak²,

Chomik³

et al. 2017

Dent. Med. Probl.

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Relationship between Locations of Facial Injury and the Use of Bicycle Helmets: A Systematic Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Effectiveness of Bicycle Safety Helmets in Preventing Facial Injuries in Road Accidents

Effectiveness of Bicycle Safety Helmets in Preventing Facial Injuries in Road Accidents

Helmet Wear and Craniofacial Trauma Burden: A Plea for Regulations Mandating Protective Helmet Wear

Head and face injuries among cyclists admitted to the Craniomaxillofacial and Oncological Department at the Medical University of Lodz

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