Relationship between Injuries and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study with Long-Term Follow-Up in Taiwan

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between various injuries and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and distinguish ADHD from non-ADHD with regards to risk of various injuries among children in Taiwan. Method: Using the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected a total of 1802 subjects under the age of 18 who were diagnosed with ADHD as well as an additional 7208 subjects as a comparison group. Results: Compared with children who were not diagnosed with ADHD, children diagnosed with ADHD were more likely to intentionally injure themselves. During the school year, ADHD children were injured less frequently than were non-ADHD children on traffic-related incidents. The adjusted hazard ratio of injury for the ADHD children was 2.493 times higher than that of comparison subjects. The ADHD children had a greater length of stay and medical cost when compared to those of the non-ADHD children. Age showed a significant inverse relationship with injury. Among the ADHD children, the injury rate was evidently higher for the low-income group than for the non-low-income group. Conclusions: Age, cause of injuries, low-income household status, and school season all have a significant connection to the risk of injury for ADHD children.

Relationship between Income and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

“…Income has a crucial impact on people’s living conditions. Therefore, it has been widely studied, with researchers exploring its impact on dietary nutrition and aspects such as vaccinations, renewable energy, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, physical activity, and household water consumption [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. It is clear that income affects people’s lives and physical health; however, its impact on mental health has rarely been systematically analyzed.…”

Impact of income on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Based on the 2020 China family panel survey

“…Income has a critical impact on people’s living conditions. Many researchers exploring their impact on dietary nutrition and aspects such as vaccinations, renewable energy, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, physical activity, and household water consumption ( Baigorri et al, 2022 ; Jiménez-Zazo et al, 2022 ; Jin et al, 2022 ; Mehmood et al, 2022 ; Valsta et al, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). All of them prove that income can affect people’s lives and physical health.…”