Relationship between income and repeat criminal victimization in Brazil

Safety in the global south: Criminal victimization in Brazilian rural areas

“…Mesch (2000) found that men reported lower levels of perceived risk of victimization and that the lower the perceived risk, the more likely was the person to engage in routine night time activities in Israel. It is interesting that although men have lower perceived risk of victimization, "men adopt more risky behaviors (drinking, carrying a gun)", according to Justus et al (2014).…”

“…This result is probably related to the fact that married people are more risk-averse than single ones, which can reduce the exposure of married people to situations that could lead to victimization. Justus et al (2014) also argues that "married people spend more time at home, implying less risky behaviors and more intense surveillance of their homes and other property".…”

“…Our expectations about the signs of coefficients of (2) and (3) are limited. For example, theoretically, according to Justus et al (2014), white and Asian people in Brazil have higher income, making them more attractive targets for property crimes but, on the other hand, since they have higher income, they invest in self-protection, reducing the risk of victimization. So the empirical exercise will investigate the net effect of race on victimization.…”

“…In fact, Miethe and McDowall (1993) explains that "both single persons and young adults are more likely to live in transitional neighborhoods with more potential offenders, lower internal social control, and higher rates of public activity." Justus et al (2014) argue that "young people spend more time on the street and take more risky behaviors (…). The physical vulnerability of elderly people can, in turn, expose them to greater risk of victimization."…”

Determinantes Da Violência E Criminalidade Na Bahia Entre Os Anos De 2015 a 2017

“…Nesse contexto, a associação entre a violência e criminalidade e os aspectos socioeconômicos tornou-se uma questão relevante em diversas abordagens teóricas e tem sido objeto de estudo em variados trabalhos (NÓBREGA JR., 2016JUSTUS;KAHN;KAWAMURA, 2015;ADORNO, 2013;BEATO, 1998;COELHO, 1988;ZALUAR, 1993;1985). No entanto, Kelly (2000) argumenta que na perspectiva social as teorias mais utilizadas e com alto poder de explicação dos fatores ligados a esses fenômenos são a Teoria Econômica do Crime e a Teoria da Desorganização Social.…”