Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and Rosacea: review and discussion

Abstract

BackgroundRosacea is an inflammatory disease affecting the central part of face characterized by persistent or recurrent episodes of erythema, papules, pustules and telangiectasias of unknown etiology. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacillus, which is one of the main causes of chronic gastritis, gastric cancer and gastrointestinal ulcers. Recent evidences have suggested that H. pylori infection is closely related to the occurrence of diseases. In recent years, studies have found that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the occurrence of acne rosacea. So the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection may be a therapeutic method of acne rosacea. But it continues to be controversial. In other studies, the treatment of Helicobacter pylori did not significantly reduce the severity of acne rosacea. To further explore the association between acne rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection, a summarize method was used to study the relationship between acne rosacea and Helicobacter pylori, providing reference for clinical acne rosacea therapy.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted on Wanfang Data, CQVIP, Springer, Public Health Management Corporation (PHMC), CNKI, and Pubmed, from January 1,2008 to Mar. 1, 2018, using Helicobacter pylori and rosacea to retrieve the literature. Depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles considered or confirmed the correlation between H. pylori and rosacea.ResultsEpidemiological investigations and experiments have confirmed that H. pylori infection is associated with the development of rosacea. The effect of anti-H. pylori therapy is better than the routine therapy for rosacea. H. pylori can stimulate the immune system to produce a large number of inflammatory mediators, leading to the occurrence and aggravation of rosacea inflammation.ConclusionsIt is confirmed that H. pylori infection is involved in the development of rosacea. It is suggested that rosacea patients should be tested for H. pylori infection, the H. pylori-positive rosacea patients should be treated with eradication of H. pylori, so as to enhance the therapeutic effect of rosacea. This study adds that H. pylori infection is involved in the development of rosacea. Epidemiological investigations and experiments have confirmed the rationality. The effect of anti-H. pylori therapy is better than the routine therapy for rosacea. H. pylori-positive rosacea patients should be treated with the therapeutic method of eradication of H. pylori.

Rosacea, Germs, and Bowels: A Review on Gastrointestinal Comorbidities and Gut–Skin Axis of Rosacea

“…Firstly, HP can increase the in vivo concentrations of nitrous oxide, which induces vasodilation, inflammation, and cytotoxic reaction. HP can also induce delivery of a highly immunogenic protein, cytotoxin-associated gene A, into cells [ 30 ] and provoke proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-8, causing a series of inflammatory reactions [ 27 , 30 , 31 ]. On the other hand, gastric HP infection is largely related to hypergastrinemia [ 32 ], and gastrin is the endogenous trigger to evoke flushing [ 30 , 33 ].…”

Rosacea and the gastrointestinal system

“…20 Yang reviewed the literature over a 10-year period on the relationship between H. pylori and rosacea. 18 27 epidemiological studies have endorsed the relationship and four studies found that therapy for H. pylori was more effective than standard rosacea therapy. 21 Yang argues that all rosacea patients should be tested and if positive, treated for H. pylori for better outcomes.…”

“…21 Yang argues that all rosacea patients should be tested and if positive, treated for H. pylori for better outcomes. 18 The association of rosacea with H. pylori could be due to the production of cytotoxins and reactive-oxygen species resulting in inflammation of gastric mucosa. 9 The resulting inflammatory response is likely to involve increased vasoactive histamines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and cytokines and possible gastrin and nitrous oxide-induced flushing.…”

“…Helicobacter pylori is a gram‐negative bacterium, resident in the stomach, linked to small bowel ulceration, gastric cancers and rosacea 18 . The prevalence of H. pylori was reported to be 48.9% in rosacea patients versus 26.7% in controls, 19 although the presence of SIBO was similar in both groups 19 .…”

Effect of complex therapy with Cortexin on the state of the body’s regulatory systems in patients with rosacea

“…Many authors associate the occurrence of rosacea with disorders in the dermal matrix (Steinhoff et al 2013), with the action of microorganisms, the genetic predisposition (Aldrich et al 2015;Chang et al 2015), with disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and the hepatobiliary system (Parish and Witkowski 1995;Gravina et al 2015;Egeberg et al 2017;Yang 2018), the endocrine (Spoendlin et al 2013a) and nervous systems (Jafferany 2007;Spoendlin et al 2013b;Egeberg et al 2016a), with changes in the immune status (Schmidt et al 1983;Yamasaki and Gallo 2011;Egeberg et al 2016b), as well as with the impact of the environmental factors.…”