Relationship Between COVID-19-related Factors and Self-management Behaviors in People with Type-2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a risk factor for long-term complications and mortality in people with diabetes. Diabetes self-management can prevent the adverse effects of COVID-19. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19-related personal, familial, and psychological factors and diabetes self-management. Methods: The research was conducted using the simple non-probability sampling method at the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Iran University of Medical Sciences. A total of 102 people with type-2 diabetes participated in the study. Their inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of type-2 diabetes for at least one year, an age of 30 to 65 years, literacy, and no personal or family history of COVID-19 for the past two months. The Diabetes Self-management Questionnaire assessed the participants' self-management behaviors. Their personal and family data were recorded in a personal information form. The Diabetes Distress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire measured diabetes distress and depressive symptoms, respectively. COVID-19-related psychological factors were evaluated using the COVID-19-related Psychological Distress Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: The Pearson correlation test showed that the number of times one or their family members were infected or hospitalized due to COVID-19, diabetes distress, and depressive symptoms were negatively related to diabetes self-management. Doses of COVID-19 vaccine injection were also positively related to self-management and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms and diabetes distress (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed diabetes regimen and interpersonal distress, COVID-19-related psychological distress, and the number of one's family members with chronic disease as the predictors of diabetes self-management (adjusted R2 = 96%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: People with diabetes can improve their participation in self-management activities by taking care of themselves and their families against COVID-19 and controlling negative emotions. COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the depressive symptoms and diabetes distress in people with type-2 diabetes and facilitate their participation in self-management.

Prevalence and Outcomes of Diabetes Among Covid-19 Patients in Duhok Covid-19 Health Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In contrast, other studies reported lower vaccination rates (4.8%) [31]. Overall, the rate in our study was unsatisfactory compared to studies from Saudi Arabia (84.8 %) [11], Turkey (73.6%) [32], and Iran (62.7%) [6]. This pointed to the lack of direct evidence that vaccinations benefit patients with diabetes, concerns about the vaccination's composition, and side effects that resulted in resistance to vaccine uptake among DM patients [31].…”

“…Other laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), Ddimer, Procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and others are necessary for assessing disease severity [5]. Patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), heart disease, and respiratory disease are at a high risk of hospitalization and death [6]. Diabetic patients, especially those who are poorly controlled, are at an increased risk of severe clinical adverse effects, resulting from microbial infections, including respiratory viruses.…”

Charcterization of COVID-19 hospitalized adult patients, vaccinated vs non-vaccinated in Duhok province

“…We investigated 300 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a variety of demographic, clinical, and laboratory profiles. In the current study, the vaccination coverage was 9.33%, which was low in comparison to studies from Iran, 14 Turkey, 15 Saudi Arabia, 16 and India. 17 On the contrary, only few studies reported a lower vaccination coverage for e.g.…”

Spatio-temporal Analysis of COVID-19: A Global Study

“…This increasing process of recovery rate and reduction of CFR may be due to the strengthening of the immune system and promotion of self-care by striving for a healthy lifestyle and consuming adequate nutrients (38,39), paying efforts to accelerate the development of treatment for COVID-19 by reusing antiviral drugs which are previously produced and approved by the FDA or currently assessed for other viral infections and combining these drugs with new technologies. These treatments aim to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection burden in patients, decreasing the severe symptoms and slowing down the COVID-19 improvement (40)(41)(42). For the most part, timely diagnosis and early treatment of infected cases are the first steps to winning this battle (13).…”