Relationship between conductivity and analysed composition in a large set of natural surface-water samples, Queensland, Australia

McNeil, Vivienne H.; Cox, Malcolm

doi:10.1007/s002549900033

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Chloride ions are the main constituents in waters and saline soils that directly affect the EC values; therefore, it is possible to find a strong correlation between EC and Cl -concentrations, as found by many authors (Oteri, 1988;Hajrasuliha et al, 1991;Xu and Eckstein, 1997;McNeil and Cox, 2000;Abyaneh et al, 2005;Alhumoud et al, 2010). Hajrasuliha et al (1991) ; in other words, the gradient increases as the EC value increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Relationship between chloride concentration and electrical conductivity in groundwater and its estimation from vertical electrical soundings (VESs) in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico

Peinado-Guevara

Green-Ruíz²,

Herrera-Barrientos

et al. 2012

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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(R> 0.94), to estimate the concentration of chloride ions as a function of the electrical conductivity of water in the study area. A geophysical survey was conducted through 34 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VESs) to calculate the water electrical conductivity from the interpretation of the apparent resistivity data. Twenty-nine VESs were used to relate the resistivity of the saturated formation (Ro) with that for the groundwater (Rw) by the linear equation Rw = 0.427 Ro + 1.987. Then, EC was estimated as the inverse of Rw. Finally, the chloride ion concentration was determined by the equation mentioned above. Following the same procedure for the five remaining VESs, which were acquired in places where there are no wells, the chloride ion concentration and the electrical resistivity of the saturated formation (Ro) and groundwater (Rw and its inverse EC) were obtained without requiring a destructive technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Relationship between chloride concentration and electrical conductivity in groundwater and its estimation from vertical electrical soundings (VESs) in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico

Peinado-Guevara

Green-Ruíz²,

Herrera-Barrientos

et al. 2012

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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“…The setup consisted of three separate solution tanks for the diluate (4L), for the concentrate (4L) and for the electrode rinse (2L), which were recirculated by three peristaltic pumps. b Calculated using TDS = 0.064 EC [23]. c Average of feed conductivity throughout field testing at Pine Hill Station [24].…”

Section: Electrodialysis System Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After each experiment, the diluate and concentrate stream were mixed and returned to the system as feed (diluate and concentrate) for the next experiment. EC was converted into total dissolved solids (TDS, mg/L) using a conversion factor k = 0.64 for Australian groundwater with high sodium content [23]. It is important to note however that this conversion is dependent on feed water characteristics.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of inorganic trace contaminants by electrodialysis in a remote Australian community

Banasiak¹,

Schäfer²

2009

Desalination

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Water provision for developing countries is a critical issue as a vast number of lives are lost annually due to lack of access to safe drinking water. The presence and fate of inorganic trace contaminants is of particular concern. Trace inorganic contaminants have been found in elevated concentrations in drinking waters supplied directly from brackish groundwaters in developing countries. Desalination and the removal of trace inorganic contaminants from bore water sources from a remote community in Australia using electrodialysis (ED) were investigated. The influence of applied voltage on the removal of the trace contaminants was evaluated. The results from this study demonstrated that electrodialysis is an effectual method for the removal of total dissolved solids and a number of trace inorganic contaminants from brackish groundwaters to below drinking water guideline levels. The deposition of trace contaminants on the membranes influenced the electrodialysis process in relation to ionic flux and the effectiveness of trace contaminant removal.Keywords: Electrodialysis, brackish groundwater, inorganic trace contaminant removal, desalination. IntroductionWater provision in remote communities is a serious problem globally, as a vast number of lives are lost annually due to lack of access to potable drinking water [1]. In Australia, approximately 67% of Indigenous communities with a population less than 100 people use bore water for their supply [2]. In these remote communities, drinking water is generally sourced from groundwater bores of varying quality, with salinity and hardness being widespread issues. Health issues related to salinity range from dehydration, as a result of reduced water consumption, to kidney dysfunction and hypertension [3,4]. While there are no drinking water guideline values for calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ), high levels of hardness can reduce the palatability of water and also cause water distribution pipes to block. High salt concentrations and hardness are however not the only issues facing remote communities.

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“…It has been used to assess the salinity (Lewis 1980;Wilson 1981;Visconti et al 2010), ionic strength (Ponnamperuma et al 1966;Lind 1970;Polemio et al 1980;Pintro and Inoue 1999), major solute concentrations (Pollak 1954;McNeil and Cox 2000), and total dissolved solids (Gustafson and Behrman 1939;Singh and Kalra 1975;Lystrom et al 1978;Day and Nightingale 1984) of natural waters and soil solutions. Several methods have been published that can be used to calculate the conductivity of natural waters and soil extracts from their chemical composition (Rossum 1949;McNeal et al 1970;Tanji and Biggar 1972;Rossum 1975;Marion and Babcock 1976;Laxen 1977;Talbot et al 1990;Wüest et al 1996;Pawlowicz 2008;Appelo 2010;Visconti et al 2010;McCleskey et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of electrical conductivity calculation methods for natural waters

McCleskey¹,

Nordstrom²,

Ryan³

2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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The capability of eleven methods to calculate the electrical conductivity of a wide range of natural waters from their chemical composition was investigated. A brief summary of each method is presented including equations to calculate the conductivities of individual ions, the ions incorporated, and the method's limitations. The ability of each method to reliably predict the conductivity depends on the ions included, effective accounting of ion pairing, and the accuracy of the equation used to estimate the ionic conductivities. The performances of the methods were evaluated by calculating the conductivity of 33 environmentally important electrolyte solutions, 41 U.S. Geological Survey standard reference water samples, and 1593 natural water samples. The natural waters tested include acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, dilute mountain waters, and river water impacted by municipal waste water. The three most recent conductivity methods predict the conductivity of natural waters better than other methods. Two of the recent methods can be used to reliably calculate the conductivity for samples with pH values greater than about 3 and temperatures between 0 and 40°C. One method is applicable to a variety of natural water types with a range of pH from 1 to 10, temperature from 0 to 95°C, and ionic strength up to 1 m.

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Relationship between conductivity and analysed composition in a large set of natural surface-water samples, Queensland, Australia

Cited by 66 publications

References 17 publications

Relationship between chloride concentration and electrical conductivity in groundwater and its estimation from vertical electrical soundings (VESs) in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico

Relationship between chloride concentration and electrical conductivity in groundwater and its estimation from vertical electrical soundings (VESs) in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico

Removal of inorganic trace contaminants by electrodialysis in a remote Australian community

Comparison of electrical conductivity calculation methods for natural waters

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