(R> 0.94), to estimate the concentration of chloride ions as a function of the electrical conductivity of water in the study area. A geophysical survey was conducted through 34 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VESs) to calculate the water electrical conductivity from the interpretation of the apparent resistivity data. Twenty-nine VESs were used to relate the resistivity of the saturated formation (Ro) with that for the groundwater (Rw) by the linear equation Rw = 0.427 Ro + 1.987. Then, EC was estimated as the inverse of Rw. Finally, the chloride ion concentration was determined by the equation mentioned above. Following the same procedure for the five remaining VESs, which were acquired in places where there are no wells, the chloride ion concentration and the electrical resistivity of the saturated formation (Ro) and groundwater (Rw and its inverse EC) were obtained without requiring a destructive technique.
La conductividad hidráulica es un elemento básico en el avance del conocimiento de un medio geológico, tanto en los procesos de flujo y transporte de contaminantes como en proyectos de protección, gestión y manejo del medio ambiente, así como en el desarrollo de políticas publicas para la protección de ecosistemas, entre otros. El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener la conductividad hidráulica (K) y el contenido de finos (C) de un medio saturado granular mediante el uso de dos leyes empíricas. Una relaciona la conductividad eléctrica de un medio granular saturado σo y el agua saturante σw la cual depende del factor de formación (F), la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y del contenido de finos en el subsuelo saturado. A través de datos obtenidos de 18 muestras de materiales de 6 pozos se obtuvo la relación entre F- C y CIC-C y Qv – C, de forma que la ecuación se reduce a una función de σo en términos de σw y C, con un valor de ajuste R=0.97. Una segunda ley experimental usada es la que resulta de la relación experimental entre K y C, obteniéndose 1.4054 K 0.1804.C con un R=0.96. De ambas expresiones experimentales se construyen relaciones e conociendo una se obtiene la otra. Bajo el esquema indicado se obtienen secciones de conductividad eléctrica del medio saturado y contenido de finos, obteniéndose que el subsuelo en el área de estudio está constituido por una capa superior de materiales finos e infrayaciendo a éste está un medio en el que predominan las arenas.
In most coastal areas in Mexico, there is an increase in housing development and facilities for tourism, consequently resulting in a negative impact on the environment. Due to this, an awareness of the critical role of groundwater in sustaining coastal populations, economies, and ecosystems is growing. The coastal zone of Sinaloa State is classified as an area with a high presence of saline groundwater in Mexico. The present work was performed in the Las Glorias Beach, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. The results of the analysis of 19 soil and groundwater samples indicate the predominance of sandy soil and a wide range of water salinity, from slightly saline to brine. An electromagnetic profiling (EMP) survey was performed at the study site showing a low apparent electrical conductivity zone parallel to the coastline as indicative of the possible presence of fresh and/or slightly saline water. Apparent electrical conductivity values were compared with electrical conductivity values measured in groundwater samples collected in wells, resulting in a positive linear correlation (R = 0.97). This linear relation is explained by a φ -ξ electromagnetic analytic model when 5.36 ≤ σ a ≤ 85.87 mS/cm. The linear relation was used to recalculate the apparent electrical conductivity values from EMP survey into electrical conductivity values of groundwater and, therefore, TDS values. The TDS map indicates the presence of a barrier of fresh/slightly saline groundwater parallel to the coastline that keeps a fragile balance that prevents the advance of saltwater intrusion from the sea of Cortés and from brine zones located in the northern part of the site. The advance of erosion in Las Glorias Beach exposes
Playa Las Glorias is the main tourist destination for the inhabitants of the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, México, and it overlies a shallow coastal aquifer. In recent years, the momentum of the tourism industry in the region has brought a growing demand in the consumption of drinking water. Because of this, it is relevant to the precise knowledge of the interface of slightly brackish saltwater for an efficient planning of new wells by the municipal authorities. For efficient groundwater exploitation, it was taken into consideration the productivity of the aquifer and the environmental impact that would cause improper management of water resources. The electromagnetic profiling (EMP) method was applied in Playa Las Glorias, Sinaloa, Mexico. A total of 150 measurements of EMP distributed in 11 profiles were performed, of which 10 were perpendicular to the coast and one parallel to it, using an EM34 meter in horizontal polarization and separation between coils of 10 m and 20 m. The apparent conductivity maps show an anomaly of low conductivity, indicating the presence of fresh or slightly saline water. In this anomalous zone we performed an electric resistivity tomography (ERT) profile to determine the behavior of groundwater salinity finding a shallow layer of freshwater, and as it deepens the salinity increases due to the influence of the sea. In addition, electrical resistivity (R w ) values were measured in groundwater samples that, along with the resistivity values (R o ) for sandy formation obtained from ERT data, allowed us to determine a lineal relationship between both resistivities. A hydro geochemical study was conducted in the site through Piper diagrams and Chadha, indicating a predominance in the region of chlorinated water due to the influence
The analysis of the economic problems of the population in Latin America in the face of unemployment and inflation, which have become permanent in these economies, gives rise to the generation of proposals for the solution of social deficiencies, as well as sustainable factors that govern the behavior and culture of production today. The objective was to establish the importance and contribution that backyard activities can have to reach positive socioeconomic and nutritional levels in the rural area of the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. An exploratory analysis was carried out, to diagnose the problem, applying interviews to describe the socioeconomic and backyard perspectives, finding that more than 70% of those consulted carry out this activity in relation to livestock and/or agricultural dynamics. Two variables with positive economic effects stand out: self-consumption and commercialization, which are relevant socioeconomic aspects in the relationship between production and family economy, as well as the promotion of self-employment and preservation of family traditions in rural communities.
La modalidad semiescolarizada en el nivel medio superior para adultos, como la que ofrece la Preparatoria Guasave Nocturna de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, crea expectativas importantes a la sociedad sinaloense, al dar la oportunidad al estudiante de seguir con su desarrollo educativo en el nivel medio superior y, a la vez, impulsarlo a seguir con su formación profesional. Con la presente investigación, y dado a sus condiciones, se busca conocer el nivel competitivo con el que ingresa y se desarrolla en la institución, asimismo identificar la influencia que ejerce la tutoría escolar en el desarrollo de los estudiantes adultos en la preparatoria. Se identificó el perfil de ingreso del alumno a la institución; para el efecto fue necesario rescatar los resultados del examen CENEVAL y EDAOM, practicado al ingreso del estudiante a la institución. Conjuntamente a estas herramientas, fue necesario practicar dos cuestionarios con la finalidad de evaluar la percepción del estudiante respecto a la planta docente; otro para identificar las principales problemáticas a las que se enfrentan y la función de la tutoría escolar en la institución. Con los datos que se obtuvieron, se identificaron algunas deficiencias del sistema semiescolarizado, sobre todo en la planeación educativa. Aún así el alumno reconoce que la tutoría es fundamental para la incorporación de los estudiantes a las actividades académicas y que existe un grado importante de aceptación a los programas planteados por la institución
Currently it is necessary to find alternatives towards a sustainable construction, in order to optimize the management of natural resources. Thus, using recycled fine aggregate (RFA) is a viable recycling option for the production of new cementitious materials. In addition, the use of polymeric microfibers would cause an increase in the properties of these materials. In this work, mortars were studied with 25% of RFA and an addition of polyacrylonitrile PAN microfibers of 0.05% in cement weight. The microfibers were obtained by the electrospinning method, which had an average diameter of 1.024 µm and were separated by means of a homogenizer to be added to the mortar. Cementing materials under study were evaluated for compressive strength, flexural strength, total porosity, effective porosity and capillary absorption, resistance to water penetration, sorptivity and carbonation. The results showed that using 25% of RFA causes decreases mechanical properties and durability, but adding PAN microfibers in 0.05% caused an increase of 2.9% and 30.8% of compressive strength and flexural strength respectively (with respect to the reference sample); a decrease in total porosity of 5.8% and effective porosity of 7.4%; and significant decreases in capillary absorption (approximately 23.3%), resistance to water penetration (25%) and carbonation (14.3% after 28 days of exposure). The results showed that the use of PAN microfibers in recycled mortars allowed it to increase the mechanical properties (because they increase the tensile strength), helped to fill pores or cavities and this causes them to be mortars with greater durability. Therefore, the use of PAN microfibers as a reinforcement in recycled cementitious materials would be a viable option to increase their applications.
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