Relationship among fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. in shellfish

Hood, Mary A.; Ness, G E; Blake, Norman J.

doi:10.1128/aem.45.1.122-126.1983

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…This study has shown E. coli to be an adequate indicator of S. newport in various freshwater sediments and supports many investigations on Salmonella spp. and E. coli survival in water and soil ecosystems (1,2,12,22,32). Although rates vary greatly among soil, water, and sediment media, E. coli has usually been observed to survive as long as or longer than Salmonella spp., thus fulfilling an essential requirement for an indicator of pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of pathogenic bacteria in various freshwater sediments

Burton¹,

Gunnison²,

Lanza³

1987

Appl Environ Microbiol

247

100

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Four human-associated bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella newport, Escherichia coli, and Kkebsiella pneumoniae, were tested for survival in five freshwater sediments. Bacterial survival in continuousflow chambers was monitored over 14-day periods on sediments ranging from organically rich high-clay fractions to organically poor sandy fractions. Bacterial die-off ranged from 1 to 5 orders of magnitude in sediments. E. coli survived as long as or longer than S. newport. P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae tended to survive longer than E. coli. Survival of E. coli and S. newport was greater in sediments containing at least 25% clay. Good reproducibility allowed the development of linear models to describe die-off rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of pathogenic bacteria in various freshwater sediments

Burton¹,

Gunnison²,

Lanza³

1987

Appl Environ Microbiol

247

100

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“…With increased demands on water resources, problems of contamination of surface water and groundwater by enteric microorganisms have become an increasing concern. Although enumeration of coliforms and fecal coliforms is used to assess the quality of water used for drinking, shellfish harvesting, and recreation, the validity of methods for estimating the presence of human pathogens has been questioned (14,20). Direct detection of waterbome pathogens, rather than indicator organisms, has not been adopted as a standard method in the United States (2) because, in general, enumerative schemes for enteric pathogens involve timeconsuming, expensive methods which often yield equivocal results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of Salmonella spp. in estuaries by using a DNA probe

Knight

Shults

Kaspar

et al. 1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A method for direct detection of Salmonella spp. in water was developed by using a commercially available DNA probe. Particulate DNA was extracted from 500to 1,500-mi water samples collected from New York Harbor and Chesapeake Bay and used as a substrate for a salmonella-specific DNA probe in dot blot assays. The method detected salmonellae in water samples from 12 of 16 sites, including 6 sites where salmonellae could not be cultured. The specificity of the probe was evaluated, and cross-hybridization, although negligible, was used to set detection limits for the assay. Salmonella DNA bound the probe quantitatively, and from these results SalmoneUa DNA in the total particulate DNA in environmental samples could be estimated. The data obtained in this study indicate that Salmonella spp. often are not detected in water samples by culture methods, even when they are present in significant numbers.

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“…Examination of water samples for pathogens are usually carried out because many workers have found positive correlation between high density viable counts, total and fecal coli forms and the presence of pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, S. aureus in drinking water (Hood et al, 1983;LeChevallier, 1990;Payment et al, 1993). Moreover, there have been reported cases of food and waterborne disease outbreaks in both children and adults in Southeastern Nigeria (Blum et al, 1987;Ogan, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bacteriological quality and essential elements in commercially bottled/packaged water produced and marketed in Southeastern Nigeria

Simon¹,

Nweze²,

Onyebuchi³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The bacteriological quality and levels of essential mineral elements and organic acids were evaluated in 33 randomly selected bottled/packaged water samples produced and marketed in Southeastern Nigeria. The microbiological assay, essential mineral elements and organic acids were determined using American Public Health Association (APHA) standard methods. The distinguishing characteristics of the microorganisms identified were their psychotropic growth capabilities, motility at 37C, growth in air, negative phenylalanine, deaminase, positive urease, catalase, oxidase and coagulase activities. Data obtained were compared with the accepted standards for safe drinking water as recommended by WHO/UNICEF. Some of the bacteria species recovered from the water samples included Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that only 9% of the samples investigated met the WHO/UNICEF standard of zero microbial load, 73% of the samples fell within 10 3-10 4 colony forming units (CFU)/100 ml, while 18% had the poorest with 10 6 CFU/100 ml. Major essential minerals found were calcium, sulphate, chloride, nitrate, bicarbonate and phosphate. Furthermore, the levels of these essential minerals were within the acceptable range in 76% of the samples while in others (24%) they were below the standard range recommended by WHO/UNICEF/APHA. There is need to maintain the approved standard level of chlorination in bottled /packaged water produced and sold in Southeastern Nigeria. Moreover, routine bacteriological quality assay by companies producing bottled/packaged drinking water should be enforced in Nigeria in particular and other developing countries in view of the findings in our study.

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Relationship among fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. in shellfish

Cited by 53 publications

References 17 publications

Survival of pathogenic bacteria in various freshwater sediments

Survival of pathogenic bacteria in various freshwater sediments

Direct detection of Salmonella spp. in estuaries by using a DNA probe

Evaluation of bacteriological quality and essential elements in commercially bottled/packaged water produced and marketed in Southeastern Nigeria

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