Relations between impulsive personality traits, alcohol and cannabis co-use, and negative alcohol consequences: A test of cognitive and behavioral mediators

Waddell, Jack T.; Blake, Austin J.; Chassin, Laurie

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108780

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Therefore, substance-specific expectancies served as the strongest predictor of heavier/more frequent use, with AE-SAM high arousal positive expectances incrementally predicting simultaneous use frequency, AEAS high arousal positive expectancies incrementally predicting heavier drinking, and AECS positive expectancies incrementally predicting more frequent cannabis use. Thus, although research has suggested that alcohol and cannabis couse is related to positive alcohol expectancies (e.g., Waddell, Blake, & Chassin, 2021), the present study suggests that college student simultaneous use is in fact related even more strongly (and incrementally) to positive AE-SAM expectancies, particularly high arousal positive expectancies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Children and adolescents typically have stronger negative expectancies, but expectancies become more positive with age and experience (Wiers et al, 1998). Positive alcohol expectancies consistently predict earlier initiation of drinking in adolescence (Bekman et al, 2011;Smit et al, 2018), heavier drinking across the life span (Colder et al, 1997;Cooper et al, 1995;Pabst et al, 2014;Waddell, Blake, & Chassin, 2021;Waddell, Sternberg, et al, 2021), and negative alcohol consequences/AUD symptoms (Brown et al, 1985;Corbin et al, 2015;Turrisi et al, 2000;Waddell, Sternberg, et al, 2021). In contrast, negative alcohol expectancies are inconsistently related to drinking, though they are typically related to more negative consequences (Engels et al, 2005;McMahon et al, 1994;Pabst et al, 2014).…”

Section: Outcome Expectancies and Substance Use Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

Waddell¹,

King²,

Okey³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

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Social learning theories suggest that outcome expectancies are strong determinants of behavior, and studies find that alcohol and cannabis expectancies are associated with negative substance use outcomes. However, there are no measures to date that assess expectancies for simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (SAM), often referred to as SAM, despite strong links with negative consequences and rising time trends. The present study sought to provide initial validation of test scores for the Anticipated Effects of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use Scale (AE-SAM), using a sample of past month college student simultaneous users (N = 434). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis conducted in random half samples suggested five expectancy factors, representing high arousal positive, high arousal negative (alcohol driven), high arousal negative (cannabis driven), low arousal positive, and low arousal negative expectancies. The factor structure was invariant across sex, race/ethnicity, and simultaneous use frequency, and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with other alcohol/cannabis expectancy measures. AE-SAM high arousal positive expectancies were associated with simultaneous use frequency and heavier drinking/cannabis use, AE-SAM high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies were associated with less frequent simultaneous use and more negative alcohol consequences, and AE-SAM low arousal negative expectancies were associated with less cannabis use. Effects of AE-SAM high arousal positive and high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies remained, above and beyond other expectancy measures, suggesting that AE-SAM expectancies provide additional information beyond single substance expectancies. The results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of assessing simultaneous use expectancies, and lay groundwork for future research on simultaneous use expectancies in relation to alcohol and cannabis couse outcomes. Public Significance StatementThe present study provided initial development and validation of test scores for a five-factor simultaneous alcohol and cannabis expectancies measure that spanned the full range of valence (positive vs. negative) by arousal (high arousal vs. low arousal) affective space. Simultaneous use expectancies were incrementally associated with use behavior and negative substance use outcomes and should be considered in ongoing prevention efforts related to alcohol, cannabis, and couse across the lifespan.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Outcome Expectancies and Substance Use Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

Waddell¹,

King²,

Okey³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

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“…In support, several studies find that impulsivity indirectly predicts alcohol use and/or negative alcohol consequences through positive expectancies (e.g., Anderson et al, 2003; Corbin et al, 2011; McCarthy et al, 2001). In addition, studies have tested separate effects of impulsivity facets, finding that sensation seeking (e.g., Corbin et al, 2011), lack of premeditation (e.g., Banks & Zapolski, 2017; Waddell, Blake, et al, 2021), and positive urgency (e.g., Peterson et al, 2018; Settles et al, 2010, 2014) all are associated with heavier/problem drinking indirectly through positive expectancies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of UPPS-P impulsivity on subjective alcohol response and craving: An experimental test of acquired preparedness.

Waddell¹,

Corbin²,

Leeman³

2023

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Recent studies have extended the acquired preparedness model to experimental data, finding that impulsivity predicts subjective alcohol response, a related yet distinct construct from expectancies. However, studies have not tested whether specific facets of impulsivity predict subjective response, or whether impulsivity indirectly predicts alcohol craving through subjective response. Young adults who reported past-month binge drinking (N = 448) participated in a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study. Mediation models tested whether UPPS-P impulsivity facets indirectly predicted alcohol craving through subjective response on the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol content (BAC). High arousal positive (e.g., sociable), low arousal positive (e.g., relaxed), high arousal negative (e.g., rude), and low arousal negative (e.g., dizzy) subjective effects were measured across limbs. Moderation by beverage condition was not detected, so models were collapsed across beverage condition. Sensation seeking indirectly predicted craving through high arousal positive subjective response on both limbs, whereas positive and negative urgency directly predicted craving. When controlling for baseline subjective response and craving, effects of sensation seeking and negative urgency on subjective response and craving became nonsignificant. The effects of positive urgency on craving remained, and an effect of positive urgency on high arousal positive effects emerged on the ascending limb. Findings suggest that relations among impulsivity, subjective response, and craving are contingent upon the specific facet of impulsivity. Interventions targeting predrink cue exposure and/or positive emotionality may be most effective for sensation seekers, whereas targeting subjective response and/or expectancies may be most efficacious for individuals high in positive urgency. Public Health SignificanceImpulsive personality traits are thought to confer risk for acute negative alcohol outcomes, but no study to date has tested the indirect effects of UPPS-P impulsivity facets on craving through subjective response. The present study found that sensation seeking and negative urgency showed anticipatory effects on acute high arousal positive subjective response and craving, whereas positive urgency showed in the moment expectancy effects on high arousal positive subjective response and craving, particularly on the ascending limb. Findings suggest that targeting positive emotionality and/or cue exposure before drinking may be beneficial interventions for individuals high in sensation seeking, whereas targeting high arousal positive expectancies may be more beneficial for individuals high in positive urgency.

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“…Heavy drinking (4+ drinks for women, 5+ for men) is a serious public health problem, as it has myriad negative consequences, including risk of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD; NIAAA, 2018;Perkins, 2002;Waddell, 2021;Waddell et al, 2021;Wechsler et al, 2004). In response to growing rates of heavy drinking (Grant et al, 2017), several studies have found that motivational and skill-based interventions reduce heavy drinking, particularly in young adults (Marlatt et al, 1998;Turrisi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within‐ and between‐person effects of naltrexone on the subjective response to alcohol and craving: A daily diary investigation

Waddell

Corbin

MacKinnon

et al. 2022

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Objective: Naltrexone is an effective treatment for heavy drinking among young adults. Laboratory-based studies have shown that naltrexone dampens the subjective response to alcohol and craving. However, few studies have tested naltrexone's dynamic, within-person effects on subjective response and craving among young adults in natural drinking environments.Methods: Using daily diary data from a randomized, placebo-controlled study of naltrexone's efficacy in young adults, we examined the between-person effects of treatment condition (i.e., naltrexone vs. placebo) and medication dosage (i.e., daily, targeted, and daily + targeted) on the subjective response to alcohol and craving on drinking days. Multilevel mediation models predicted subjective response and craving from treatment condition (between-person) and medication dosage (within-person), accounting for drinking levels. All effects were disaggregated within and between persons. Results:At the between-person level, naltrexone directly blunted intense subjective effects (i.e., "impaired", "drunk") and indirectly blunted subjective effects through reduced drinking. Naltrexone was not associated with craving. Between-person effects were not significant after alpha correction, but their effect sizes (bs = 0.14 to 0.17) exceeded the smallest effect size of interest. At the within-person level, taking two (vs. 1) pills was associated with heavier drinking, and taking one (vs. 0) pill was associated with lighter drinking, and lighter drinking was associated with a lower subjective response and craving. Treatment condition did not moderate the within-person effects of dosing on outcomes. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that the direct between-person effect of naltrexone was largest on intense subjective responses, blunting feelings of being "drunk" and "impaired". Future research using momentary (rather than daily) assessments could confirm and extend these findings.

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Relations between impulsive personality traits, alcohol and cannabis co-use, and negative alcohol consequences: A test of cognitive and behavioral mediators

Cited by 32 publications

References 72 publications

The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

Differential effects of UPPS-P impulsivity on subjective alcohol response and craving: An experimental test of acquired preparedness.

Within‐ and between‐person effects of naltrexone on the subjective response to alcohol and craving: A daily diary investigation

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